CASE - User contributions [en]

CASE:Courses

2023-04-05T08:24:25Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* 2023 */

== 2023 ==

* [[USPAS_spring_2023|'''Winter: USPAS, Hadron Beam Cooling in Particle Accelerators''']]
* [[PHY543_spring_2023|'''Spring: PHY543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators''']], see also external link '''[https://sites.google.com/view/srfsbu2023/home Sping: PHY 543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh, Prof. Petrushina, and Dr. Verdu-Andres
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2023|'''Spring: PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[PHY691_spring_2023|'''Spring: PHY 691: Computational Accelerator Physics, by Dr. François Méot, BNL & SBU''']]

== 2022 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2022|'''Fall: PHY 564: Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY 693/ESE 593_fall_2022|'''Fall: PHY 693/ESE 593 High Power RF engineering''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Fall: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY 694_spring_2022|'''Spring: PHY 694 Plasma and Wakefield Accelerators''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2022|'''Spring: PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2021 ==
* [[PHY554_Fall_2021|'''Fall: PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY695_fall_2021|'''Fall: PHY 695: Cryogenic systems and their design''']], by Arkadiy Klebaner, Ram Dhuley, David Montanari, Matthew Hollister.
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Fall: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY543_spring_2021|'''Spring: PHY543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators''']], see also external link '''[https://sites.google.com/view/srfsbu2021/home Sping: PHY 543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh, Dr. Posen and Dr. Petrushina
* [[PHY691_spring_2021|'''Spring: PHY 691: Computational Accelerator Physics''']], by Pr. François Méot, BNL & SBU
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]

== 2020 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2020|'''Fall: PHY 564: Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Fall: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY554_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]

== 2019 ==
* [[PHY689_spring_2019|'''Spring: PHY 689, ACCELERATOR Games -- Learning Charged Particle Beam Dynamics by Computer Simulations''']] (François Méot, BNL)
* [[PHY542_spring_2019|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2018 ==
* [[PHY554_fall_2018|'''Fall: PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Fall: PHY 514, A Bit of Accelerator Physics]], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [[PHY689_spring_2018|'''Spring: PHY 689, ACCELERATOR Games -- Learning Charged Particle Beam Dynamics by Computer Simulations''']] (François Méot, BNL)
* [[PHY542_spring_2018|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2017 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2017|'''Fall: PHY 564, Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [[PHY420_fall_2017|'''Fall: PHY 420, Introduction to Accelerator Science and Technology''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2017|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2016 ==
* [[PHY554_fall_2016|'''PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2016|'''PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko

== 2015 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2015|'''PHY 564: Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2015|'''PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko

== 2014 ==
* [[PHY554_spring_2014|'''PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
== 2013 ==
*Principles of RF Superconductivity, USPAS, Dr. Belomestnykh

== 2011 ==
*'''[https://sites.google.com/site/srfsbu11/ PHY 684: RF superconductivity for accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
* Superconducting RF for High-β Accelerators, USPAS 2011, Dr. Belomestnykh

==2010 and before==

* Experiments in PHY 445/515, Fall 2010 [[Lab Manuals]]
* CASE Summer Accelerator [[Workshop]], July 26-30, Dr. Hemmick
* WISE 187, Spring 2010, Introduction to Research, Dr. Hemmick
* Summer 1-Day Accelerator Camp, July 16 2009, Dr. Hemmick
* Accelerator Physics, 13-25 January, 2008, Graduate Course, US Particle Accelerator School, Santa Rosa, CA, Dr. Litvinenko, Satogata, Pozdeyev
* PHY 684, Fall 2007, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko, Kewisch, Mackay, Satogata
* PHY 684, Spring 2007, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko
* PHY 684, Spring 2005, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko, Dr. Mackay
* PHY 684, Spring 2004, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Peggs, Dr. Litvinenko

PHY543 spring 2023

2023-01-09T21:48:10Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Lecture Notes */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 9:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Prof. Irina Petrushina
* Dr. Silvia Verdu Andres
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
This graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course will address both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It will cover fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
The course will include a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity. Then it will cover the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc. Following that we will discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators. We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient. Finally, we will address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[ Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Verdu Andres
*'''[ Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Verdu Andres
*'''[ Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 8: Cavity performance frontier, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 10: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[ Lecture 11: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Dr. Verdu Andres
*'''[ Lecture 12-13: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Prof. belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 14: Cavity design]''', by Prof.. Petrushina
*'''[ Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Petrushina
*'''[ Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Petrushina
*'''[ Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Petrushina
*'''[ Lecture 18: Cavities for low- and medium-beta accelerators]''', by Prof. Petrushina
*'''[ Lecture 19: Cryomodule design]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 20: Case study: Deflecting.crab cavities]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 21: Case study: SRF guns]''', by Prof. Petrushina
*'''[ Lecture 22: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Prof. Petrushina
*'''[ Lecture 23: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Petrushina
*'''[ Lecture 24: High power RF systems]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 25-26: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[ Lecture 27: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 28: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[ Lecture 29: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[ HW1]] Due February 6
*'''[[ HW2]] Due February 27
*'''[[ HW3]] Due March 27
*'''[[ HW4]] Due April 17

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, February 13'''
*'''Session 2, March 6'''
*'''Session 3, April 3'''
*'''Session 4, April 24'''

'''[[ Final Exam]] due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2023

2023-01-09T21:36:42Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Lecture Notes */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 9:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Prof. Irina Petrushina
* Dr. Silvia Verdu Andres
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
This graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course will address both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It will cover fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
The course will include a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity. Then it will cover the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc. Following that we will discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators. We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient. Finally, we will address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[ Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[ Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[ Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[ Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[ Lecture 8: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[ Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[ Lecture 10: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 11-12: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[ Lecture 13: Cavity design]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[ Lecture 14: Cryomodule design]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[ Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 18: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[ Lecture 19: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 20: High power RF sources]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 21: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[ Lecture 22-23: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[ Lecture 24: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[ Lecture 25: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[ HW1]] Due February 6
*'''[[ HW2]] Due February 27
*'''[[ HW3]] Due March 27
*'''[[ HW4]] Due April 17

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, February 13'''
*'''Session 2, March 6'''
*'''Session 3, April 3'''
*'''Session 4, April 24'''

'''[[ Final Exam]] due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2023

2023-01-09T21:33:43Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Homeworks */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 9:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Prof. Irina Petrushina
* Dr. Silvia Verdu Andres
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
This graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course will address both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It will cover fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
The course will include a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity. Then it will cover the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc. Following that we will discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators. We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient. Finally, we will address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VTW5WCmpnWl-UJYMrn0fnKxon3I8dUPo/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCDCBse3dFMw2n_AYMjrLQELenX7ZmcB/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PFmygqe5yCTFTpEC_WvlSZTr1U-nH9lX/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ibWffhvCGyYGibC9y3pmy1ilt5XUeOw/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uyFtIjQbV4mXtdXqenqbHSvYM4I6Ym7l/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hSQJky7Yli78zHH32mmEVZV43u0Xi4OZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WrP3o1ns3jPrRq6LNYyxH5OhyTv7XQ7e/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jXC80O2wtZL-0EKcq9fn__OAE9ePntiZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GOj2Pslbyjzm1NC9oKKrAa7MrWWHOthx/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uVNkQ5lqU-e8rBVmckOhDQXBI48HMX1c/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1522gXKvOzjGBb2SB57taDMkTlPtWqN9N/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Cavity design]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K6-7wWztHPPWYHLaNO4dM1ft0FLjOpVU/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Cryomodule design]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rZ3tYyObDMGl_bdL88yPmpxVXG4vBRFu/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AfusxU7cac86byrO5BZ8QRV_SC-rsrQd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HArNGaxD7PIAvKKva_VFGGhbaRC4cTXY/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sJpLOplUnCvXEU7j_JT-IE2Pf2A2-xUz/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iw3yDB4opOOTmf_UpXv2mJnIaAnT1CU0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gbx_OyATBmc_IZ0P_dXacgpwusByhNjd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: High power RF sources]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yt6dW8Uzw-8c59VmM8HWysd4G3DrrFK0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dpSP2hqNHlQqVPtvX9k262RQUwzc7CJ6/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22-23: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SH7KN21FegoyeSmV9alSiGMwz8ASsrsm/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZHFa5OJVu9uu2_vojddPYQk7mlyJfTVg/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[ HW1]] Due February 6
*'''[[ HW2]] Due February 27
*'''[[ HW3]] Due March 27
*'''[[ HW4]] Due April 17

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, February 13'''
*'''Session 2, March 6'''
*'''Session 3, April 3'''
*'''Session 4, April 24'''

'''[[ Final Exam]] due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2023

2023-01-09T21:32:58Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Homeworks */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 9:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Prof. Irina Petrushina
* Dr. Silvia Verdu Andres
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
This graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course will address both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It will cover fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
The course will include a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity. Then it will cover the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc. Following that we will discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators. We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient. Finally, we will address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VTW5WCmpnWl-UJYMrn0fnKxon3I8dUPo/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCDCBse3dFMw2n_AYMjrLQELenX7ZmcB/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PFmygqe5yCTFTpEC_WvlSZTr1U-nH9lX/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ibWffhvCGyYGibC9y3pmy1ilt5XUeOw/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uyFtIjQbV4mXtdXqenqbHSvYM4I6Ym7l/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hSQJky7Yli78zHH32mmEVZV43u0Xi4OZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WrP3o1ns3jPrRq6LNYyxH5OhyTv7XQ7e/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jXC80O2wtZL-0EKcq9fn__OAE9ePntiZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GOj2Pslbyjzm1NC9oKKrAa7MrWWHOthx/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uVNkQ5lqU-e8rBVmckOhDQXBI48HMX1c/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1522gXKvOzjGBb2SB57taDMkTlPtWqN9N/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Cavity design]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K6-7wWztHPPWYHLaNO4dM1ft0FLjOpVU/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Cryomodule design]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rZ3tYyObDMGl_bdL88yPmpxVXG4vBRFu/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AfusxU7cac86byrO5BZ8QRV_SC-rsrQd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HArNGaxD7PIAvKKva_VFGGhbaRC4cTXY/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sJpLOplUnCvXEU7j_JT-IE2Pf2A2-xUz/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iw3yDB4opOOTmf_UpXv2mJnIaAnT1CU0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gbx_OyATBmc_IZ0P_dXacgpwusByhNjd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: High power RF sources]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yt6dW8Uzw-8c59VmM8HWysd4G3DrrFK0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dpSP2hqNHlQqVPtvX9k262RQUwzc7CJ6/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22-23: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SH7KN21FegoyeSmV9alSiGMwz8ASsrsm/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZHFa5OJVu9uu2_vojddPYQk7mlyJfTVg/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[ HW1]] Due February 6
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/10WF2KbS2HeFE-hwAATwczYx-7SV6oX1z/view?usp=sharingf HW2]] Due February 27
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_LL_9JB-gtlsPN_HVmmBDUsRMDC06n8f/view?usp=sharing HW3]] Due March 27
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rB200cwHsJcKCKdYghcWh20iEsLI_Ayf/view?usp=sharing HW4]] Due April 17

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, February 13'''
*'''Session 2, March 6'''
*'''Session 3, April 3'''
*'''Session 4, April 24'''

'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wL4wGlEXxAm-dk6zhvv2qDJflgMKzbsm/view?usp=sharing Final Exam]] due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2023

2023-01-09T21:28:55Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Learning Goals */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 9:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Prof. Irina Petrushina
* Dr. Silvia Verdu Andres
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
This graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course will address both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It will cover fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
The course will include a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity. Then it will cover the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc. Following that we will discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators. We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient. Finally, we will address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VTW5WCmpnWl-UJYMrn0fnKxon3I8dUPo/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCDCBse3dFMw2n_AYMjrLQELenX7ZmcB/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PFmygqe5yCTFTpEC_WvlSZTr1U-nH9lX/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ibWffhvCGyYGibC9y3pmy1ilt5XUeOw/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uyFtIjQbV4mXtdXqenqbHSvYM4I6Ym7l/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hSQJky7Yli78zHH32mmEVZV43u0Xi4OZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WrP3o1ns3jPrRq6LNYyxH5OhyTv7XQ7e/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jXC80O2wtZL-0EKcq9fn__OAE9ePntiZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GOj2Pslbyjzm1NC9oKKrAa7MrWWHOthx/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uVNkQ5lqU-e8rBVmckOhDQXBI48HMX1c/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1522gXKvOzjGBb2SB57taDMkTlPtWqN9N/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Cavity design]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K6-7wWztHPPWYHLaNO4dM1ft0FLjOpVU/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Cryomodule design]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rZ3tYyObDMGl_bdL88yPmpxVXG4vBRFu/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AfusxU7cac86byrO5BZ8QRV_SC-rsrQd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HArNGaxD7PIAvKKva_VFGGhbaRC4cTXY/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sJpLOplUnCvXEU7j_JT-IE2Pf2A2-xUz/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iw3yDB4opOOTmf_UpXv2mJnIaAnT1CU0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gbx_OyATBmc_IZ0P_dXacgpwusByhNjd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: High power RF sources]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yt6dW8Uzw-8c59VmM8HWysd4G3DrrFK0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dpSP2hqNHlQqVPtvX9k262RQUwzc7CJ6/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22-23: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SH7KN21FegoyeSmV9alSiGMwz8ASsrsm/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZHFa5OJVu9uu2_vojddPYQk7mlyJfTVg/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LLJWMfL7uC2EuihqXfh912jW8p3i_hiu/view?usp=sharing HW1]] Due February 22
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/10WF2KbS2HeFE-hwAATwczYx-7SV6oX1z/view?usp=sharingf HW2]] Due March 8
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_LL_9JB-gtlsPN_HVmmBDUsRMDC06n8f/view?usp=sharing HW3]] Due March 29
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rB200cwHsJcKCKdYghcWh20iEsLI_Ayf/view?usp=sharing HW4]] Due April 19

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, March 1'''
*'''Session 2, March 15'''
*'''Session 3, April 5'''
*'''Session 4, April 26'''

'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wL4wGlEXxAm-dk6zhvv2qDJflgMKzbsm/view?usp=sharing Final Exam]] due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2023

2023-01-09T21:28:27Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Course Content */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 9:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Prof. Irina Petrushina
* Dr. Silvia Verdu Andres
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
This graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course will address both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It will cover fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
The course will include a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity. Then it will cover the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc. Following that we will discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators. We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient. Finally, we will address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VTW5WCmpnWl-UJYMrn0fnKxon3I8dUPo/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCDCBse3dFMw2n_AYMjrLQELenX7ZmcB/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PFmygqe5yCTFTpEC_WvlSZTr1U-nH9lX/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ibWffhvCGyYGibC9y3pmy1ilt5XUeOw/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uyFtIjQbV4mXtdXqenqbHSvYM4I6Ym7l/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hSQJky7Yli78zHH32mmEVZV43u0Xi4OZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WrP3o1ns3jPrRq6LNYyxH5OhyTv7XQ7e/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jXC80O2wtZL-0EKcq9fn__OAE9ePntiZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GOj2Pslbyjzm1NC9oKKrAa7MrWWHOthx/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uVNkQ5lqU-e8rBVmckOhDQXBI48HMX1c/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1522gXKvOzjGBb2SB57taDMkTlPtWqN9N/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Cavity design]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K6-7wWztHPPWYHLaNO4dM1ft0FLjOpVU/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Cryomodule design]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rZ3tYyObDMGl_bdL88yPmpxVXG4vBRFu/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AfusxU7cac86byrO5BZ8QRV_SC-rsrQd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HArNGaxD7PIAvKKva_VFGGhbaRC4cTXY/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sJpLOplUnCvXEU7j_JT-IE2Pf2A2-xUz/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iw3yDB4opOOTmf_UpXv2mJnIaAnT1CU0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gbx_OyATBmc_IZ0P_dXacgpwusByhNjd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: High power RF sources]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yt6dW8Uzw-8c59VmM8HWysd4G3DrrFK0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dpSP2hqNHlQqVPtvX9k262RQUwzc7CJ6/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22-23: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SH7KN21FegoyeSmV9alSiGMwz8ASsrsm/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZHFa5OJVu9uu2_vojddPYQk7mlyJfTVg/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LLJWMfL7uC2EuihqXfh912jW8p3i_hiu/view?usp=sharing HW1]] Due February 22
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/10WF2KbS2HeFE-hwAATwczYx-7SV6oX1z/view?usp=sharingf HW2]] Due March 8
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_LL_9JB-gtlsPN_HVmmBDUsRMDC06n8f/view?usp=sharing HW3]] Due March 29
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rB200cwHsJcKCKdYghcWh20iEsLI_Ayf/view?usp=sharing HW4]] Due April 19

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, March 1'''
*'''Session 2, March 15'''
*'''Session 3, April 5'''
*'''Session 4, April 26'''

'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wL4wGlEXxAm-dk6zhvv2qDJflgMKzbsm/view?usp=sharing Final Exam]] due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2023

2023-01-09T21:26:45Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 9:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Prof. Irina Petrushina
* Dr. Silvia Verdu Andres
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
This graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course will address both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It will cover fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VTW5WCmpnWl-UJYMrn0fnKxon3I8dUPo/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCDCBse3dFMw2n_AYMjrLQELenX7ZmcB/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PFmygqe5yCTFTpEC_WvlSZTr1U-nH9lX/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ibWffhvCGyYGibC9y3pmy1ilt5XUeOw/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uyFtIjQbV4mXtdXqenqbHSvYM4I6Ym7l/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hSQJky7Yli78zHH32mmEVZV43u0Xi4OZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WrP3o1ns3jPrRq6LNYyxH5OhyTv7XQ7e/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jXC80O2wtZL-0EKcq9fn__OAE9ePntiZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GOj2Pslbyjzm1NC9oKKrAa7MrWWHOthx/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uVNkQ5lqU-e8rBVmckOhDQXBI48HMX1c/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1522gXKvOzjGBb2SB57taDMkTlPtWqN9N/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Cavity design]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K6-7wWztHPPWYHLaNO4dM1ft0FLjOpVU/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Cryomodule design]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rZ3tYyObDMGl_bdL88yPmpxVXG4vBRFu/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AfusxU7cac86byrO5BZ8QRV_SC-rsrQd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HArNGaxD7PIAvKKva_VFGGhbaRC4cTXY/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sJpLOplUnCvXEU7j_JT-IE2Pf2A2-xUz/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iw3yDB4opOOTmf_UpXv2mJnIaAnT1CU0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gbx_OyATBmc_IZ0P_dXacgpwusByhNjd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: High power RF sources]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yt6dW8Uzw-8c59VmM8HWysd4G3DrrFK0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dpSP2hqNHlQqVPtvX9k262RQUwzc7CJ6/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22-23: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SH7KN21FegoyeSmV9alSiGMwz8ASsrsm/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZHFa5OJVu9uu2_vojddPYQk7mlyJfTVg/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LLJWMfL7uC2EuihqXfh912jW8p3i_hiu/view?usp=sharing HW1]] Due February 22
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/10WF2KbS2HeFE-hwAATwczYx-7SV6oX1z/view?usp=sharingf HW2]] Due March 8
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_LL_9JB-gtlsPN_HVmmBDUsRMDC06n8f/view?usp=sharing HW3]] Due March 29
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rB200cwHsJcKCKdYghcWh20iEsLI_Ayf/view?usp=sharing HW4]] Due April 19

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, March 1'''
*'''Session 2, March 15'''
*'''Session 3, April 5'''
*'''Session 4, April 26'''

'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wL4wGlEXxAm-dk6zhvv2qDJflgMKzbsm/view?usp=sharing Final Exam]] due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2023

2023-01-09T21:22:15Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: Created page with "<table width=75% border=1> <tr> <th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th> <th align=center>Instructors</th> </tr> <tr><td align=left valign=center> <!--..."

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 9:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Prof. Irina Petrushina
* Dr. Silvia Verdu Andres
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VTW5WCmpnWl-UJYMrn0fnKxon3I8dUPo/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCDCBse3dFMw2n_AYMjrLQELenX7ZmcB/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PFmygqe5yCTFTpEC_WvlSZTr1U-nH9lX/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ibWffhvCGyYGibC9y3pmy1ilt5XUeOw/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uyFtIjQbV4mXtdXqenqbHSvYM4I6Ym7l/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hSQJky7Yli78zHH32mmEVZV43u0Xi4OZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WrP3o1ns3jPrRq6LNYyxH5OhyTv7XQ7e/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jXC80O2wtZL-0EKcq9fn__OAE9ePntiZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GOj2Pslbyjzm1NC9oKKrAa7MrWWHOthx/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uVNkQ5lqU-e8rBVmckOhDQXBI48HMX1c/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1522gXKvOzjGBb2SB57taDMkTlPtWqN9N/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Cavity design]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K6-7wWztHPPWYHLaNO4dM1ft0FLjOpVU/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Cryomodule design]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rZ3tYyObDMGl_bdL88yPmpxVXG4vBRFu/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AfusxU7cac86byrO5BZ8QRV_SC-rsrQd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HArNGaxD7PIAvKKva_VFGGhbaRC4cTXY/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sJpLOplUnCvXEU7j_JT-IE2Pf2A2-xUz/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iw3yDB4opOOTmf_UpXv2mJnIaAnT1CU0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gbx_OyATBmc_IZ0P_dXacgpwusByhNjd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: High power RF sources]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yt6dW8Uzw-8c59VmM8HWysd4G3DrrFK0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dpSP2hqNHlQqVPtvX9k262RQUwzc7CJ6/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22-23: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SH7KN21FegoyeSmV9alSiGMwz8ASsrsm/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZHFa5OJVu9uu2_vojddPYQk7mlyJfTVg/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LLJWMfL7uC2EuihqXfh912jW8p3i_hiu/view?usp=sharing HW1]] Due February 22
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/10WF2KbS2HeFE-hwAATwczYx-7SV6oX1z/view?usp=sharingf HW2]] Due March 8
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_LL_9JB-gtlsPN_HVmmBDUsRMDC06n8f/view?usp=sharing HW3]] Due March 29
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rB200cwHsJcKCKdYghcWh20iEsLI_Ayf/view?usp=sharing HW4]] Due April 19

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, March 1'''
*'''Session 2, March 15'''
*'''Session 3, April 5'''
*'''Session 4, April 26'''

'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wL4wGlEXxAm-dk6zhvv2qDJflgMKzbsm/view?usp=sharing Final Exam]] due May 10'''

CASE:Courses

2023-01-09T21:20:23Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* 2023 */

== 2023 ==

* [[USPAS_spring_2023|'''Winter: USPAS, Hadron Beam Cooling in Particle Accelerators''']]
* [[PHY543_spring_2023|'''Spring: PHY543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators''']], see also external link '''[https://sites.google.com/view/srfsbu2023/home Sping: PHY 543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh, Dr. Posen and Dr. Petrushina
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2022 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2022|'''Fall: PHY 564: Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY 693/ESE 593_fall_2022|'''Fall: PHY 693/ESE 593 High Power RF engineering''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Fall: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY 694_spring_2022|'''Spring: PHY 694 Plasma and Wakefield Accelerators''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2021 ==
* [[PHY554_Fall_2021|'''Fall: PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY695_fall_2021|'''Fall: PHY 695: Cryogenic systems and their design''']], by Arkadiy Klebaner, Ram Dhuley, David Montanari, Matthew Hollister.
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Fall: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY543_spring_2021|'''Spring: PHY543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators''']], see also external link '''[https://sites.google.com/view/srfsbu2021/home Sping: PHY 543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh, Dr. Posen and Dr. Petrushina
* [[PHY691_spring_2021|'''Spring: PHY 691: Computational Accelerator Physics''']], by Pr. François Méot, BNL & SBU
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]

== 2020 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2020|'''Fall: PHY 564: Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Fall: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY554_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]

== 2019 ==
* [[PHY689_spring_2019|'''Spring: PHY 689, ACCELERATOR Games -- Learning Charged Particle Beam Dynamics by Computer Simulations''']] (François Méot, BNL)
* [[PHY542_spring_2019|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2018 ==
* [[PHY554_fall_2018|'''Fall: PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Fall: PHY 514, A Bit of Accelerator Physics]], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [[PHY689_spring_2018|'''Spring: PHY 689, ACCELERATOR Games -- Learning Charged Particle Beam Dynamics by Computer Simulations''']] (François Méot, BNL)
* [[PHY542_spring_2018|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2017 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2017|'''Fall: PHY 564, Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [[PHY420_fall_2017|'''Fall: PHY 420, Introduction to Accelerator Science and Technology''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2017|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2016 ==
* [[PHY554_fall_2016|'''PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2016|'''PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko

== 2015 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2015|'''PHY 564: Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2015|'''PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko

== 2014 ==
* [[PHY554_spring_2014|'''PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
== 2013 ==
*Principles of RF Superconductivity, USPAS, Dr. Belomestnykh

== 2011 ==
*'''[https://sites.google.com/site/srfsbu11/ PHY 684: RF superconductivity for accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
* Superconducting RF for High-β Accelerators, USPAS 2011, Dr. Belomestnykh

==2010 and before==

* Experiments in PHY 445/515, Fall 2010 [[Lab Manuals]]
* CASE Summer Accelerator [[Workshop]], July 26-30, Dr. Hemmick
* WISE 187, Spring 2010, Introduction to Research, Dr. Hemmick
* Summer 1-Day Accelerator Camp, July 16 2009, Dr. Hemmick
* Accelerator Physics, 13-25 January, 2008, Graduate Course, US Particle Accelerator School, Santa Rosa, CA, Dr. Litvinenko, Satogata, Pozdeyev
* PHY 684, Fall 2007, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko, Kewisch, Mackay, Satogata
* PHY 684, Spring 2007, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko
* PHY 684, Spring 2005, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko, Dr. Mackay
* PHY 684, Spring 2004, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Peggs, Dr. Litvinenko

CASE:Courses

2023-01-09T21:18:05Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* 2023 */

== 2023 ==

* [[USPAS_spring_2023|'''Winter: USPAS, Hadron Beam Cooling in Particle Accelerators''']]
* [[PHY543_spring_2021|'''Spring: PHY543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators''']], see also external link '''[https://sites.google.com/view/srfsbu2023/home Sping: PHY 543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh, Dr. Posen and Dr. Petrushina
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2022 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2022|'''Fall: PHY 564: Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY 693/ESE 593_fall_2022|'''Fall: PHY 693/ESE 593 High Power RF engineering''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Fall: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY 694_spring_2022|'''Spring: PHY 694 Plasma and Wakefield Accelerators''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2021 ==
* [[PHY554_Fall_2021|'''Fall: PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY695_fall_2021|'''Fall: PHY 695: Cryogenic systems and their design''']], by Arkadiy Klebaner, Ram Dhuley, David Montanari, Matthew Hollister.
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Fall: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY543_spring_2021|'''Spring: PHY543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators''']], see also external link '''[https://sites.google.com/view/srfsbu2021/home Sping: PHY 543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh, Dr. Posen and Dr. Petrushina
* [[PHY691_spring_2021|'''Spring: PHY 691: Computational Accelerator Physics''']], by Pr. François Méot, BNL & SBU
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]

== 2020 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2020|'''Fall: PHY 564: Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Fall: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY554_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]

== 2019 ==
* [[PHY689_spring_2019|'''Spring: PHY 689, ACCELERATOR Games -- Learning Charged Particle Beam Dynamics by Computer Simulations''']] (François Méot, BNL)
* [[PHY542_spring_2019|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2018 ==
* [[PHY554_fall_2018|'''Fall: PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Fall: PHY 514, A Bit of Accelerator Physics]], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [[PHY689_spring_2018|'''Spring: PHY 689, ACCELERATOR Games -- Learning Charged Particle Beam Dynamics by Computer Simulations''']] (François Méot, BNL)
* [[PHY542_spring_2018|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2017 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2017|'''Fall: PHY 564, Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [[PHY420_fall_2017|'''Fall: PHY 420, Introduction to Accelerator Science and Technology''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2017|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2016 ==
* [[PHY554_fall_2016|'''PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2016|'''PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko

== 2015 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2015|'''PHY 564: Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2015|'''PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko

== 2014 ==
* [[PHY554_spring_2014|'''PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
== 2013 ==
*Principles of RF Superconductivity, USPAS, Dr. Belomestnykh

== 2011 ==
*'''[https://sites.google.com/site/srfsbu11/ PHY 684: RF superconductivity for accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
* Superconducting RF for High-β Accelerators, USPAS 2011, Dr. Belomestnykh

==2010 and before==

* Experiments in PHY 445/515, Fall 2010 [[Lab Manuals]]
* CASE Summer Accelerator [[Workshop]], July 26-30, Dr. Hemmick
* WISE 187, Spring 2010, Introduction to Research, Dr. Hemmick
* Summer 1-Day Accelerator Camp, July 16 2009, Dr. Hemmick
* Accelerator Physics, 13-25 January, 2008, Graduate Course, US Particle Accelerator School, Santa Rosa, CA, Dr. Litvinenko, Satogata, Pozdeyev
* PHY 684, Fall 2007, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko, Kewisch, Mackay, Satogata
* PHY 684, Spring 2007, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko
* PHY 684, Spring 2005, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko, Dr. Mackay
* PHY 684, Spring 2004, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Peggs, Dr. Litvinenko

CASE:People

2023-01-09T21:13:23Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Faculty and Staff */

== Faculty and Staff ==
*Sergey Belometnykh, Adjunct Professor of Physics, Director of the Superconducting Technology and Materials Science Division, Fermilab
*Johan Bengtsson, Associated member, Senior Scientist (retired), BESSII, Berlin, Germany
*Ilan Ben Zvi, Adjunct Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Kevin A Brown, Scientist, Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
*Avril Coakley, Research Administrator, CASE/Ernest Courant Traineeship
*Abhay Deshpande, Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Ram Duhley, Scientist, Fermilab
*Axel Drees, Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Mikhail Fedurin, Adjunct Associate Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Scientist, Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
*Paul Grannis, Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Thomas Hemmick, Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Matthew Hollister, Scientist, Fermilab
*Yichao Jing, Adjunct Associate Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Dmitry Kayran, Adjunct Associate Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Scientist, Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
*Dmitri Kharzeev, Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Arkadiy Klebaner, Scientist, Fermilab
*Richard S. Lefferts , Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Vladimir N. Litvinenko, Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Jon Longtin, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University
*Jun Ma, Post-doc, CASE, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*François Méot, Adjunct Associate Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*David Montanari, Scientist, Fermilab
*Jayant Parekh, Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University
*Honghai Song, Adjunct Associate Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Irina Petrushina, Research Assistant Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Igor Pogorelsky, Scientist, Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
*Sam Posen, Scientist, Fermilab
*Triveni Rao ,Adjunct Professor, Scientist, Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
*Thomas Robertazzi, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University
*Roman V Samulyak, Professor, Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Stony Brook University
*John, Skaritka, Senior Engineer, Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
*Navid Vafaei-Najafabadi, Assistant Professor of Physics, Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University
*Erdong Wang, Scientist, Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
*Gang Wang, Adjunct Associate Professor, Physics & Astronomy, Scientist, Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
*Binping Xiao, Scientist, Brookhaven National Laboratory
*Wencan Xu, Scientist, Brookhaven National Laboratory

== Postdoctoral Fellow==

== Students==
*Nikhil Bachhawat
*Michael Belmonte
*Laiba Bilal
*Kyle Capobianco-Hogan
*Samuel Defaz
Aman Dimri
*Kristina Finnelli
*Apurva Gaikwad
*Song Ye Liang
*Sai Sumanth Kantamneni
*Grace Kim
*Sukho Kongtawong
*Nikhil Kumar
*Jonathan Lee
*Kai Shih
*Jiayang Yan

==Extended CASE==
*Richard J. Reeder, Associate Vice President, Office of Brookhaven Affairs
*Axel Drees, Professor, Physics & Astronomy
*Laszlo Mihaly, Professor, Physics & Astronomy
*Qiaode Jeffrey Ge, Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Mechanical Engineering
*Nathan Leoce-Schappin
*Petar Djuric, Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering
*Peter Shkolnikov
*Peter Stephens, Professor, Physics & Astronomy
*Thomas Weinacht, Professor, Physics & Astronomy
*Thomas Roser, retired

RF Superconductivity

2022-11-30T23:31:49Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

== '''RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course '''==

[[Image:650MHz.jpg|600px|Image: 1200 pixels|thumb|'''''650 MHz multi-cell SRF cavity''''']]

==='''Introduction'''===

A game changing technology for accelerator design and operation is the use of radio frequency superconductivity. It allows much more energy efficient and also much more powerful accelerators to be constructed and utilized. The science and technology of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity involves the application of superconductors to RF devices. The Stony Brook University course PHY 543 (RF Superconductivity for Accelerators) is about the application of RF superconductivity to the acceleration of charged particles (electrons, positrons, protons, ions).

Why is RF Superconductivity important for accelerator design and operation? While superconductors are lossless at DC currents, they incur losses when AC currents are applied. However, the electrical resistivity at RF frequencies is ultra-low. For example, RF resonant cavities made of niobium and cooled down to 2 K have surface resistance of 5-6 orders of magnitude smaller than that of copper. This and other properties are exploited to design and construct high-performance particle accelerators.

==='''Future Outlook'''===

Many existing and future particle accelerators worldwide use or plan to use SRF technology.

Examples in the USA: RHIC and EIC at BNL, CEBAF at Jefferson Lab, SNS at ORNL, CESR at Cornell University, PIP-II at Fermilab, ATLAS at ANL, LCLS-II / LCLS-II-HE at SLAC.

Examples worldwide: LHC, FCC-ee, and FCC-hh at CERN, E-XFEL at DESY (Germany), SuperKEKB at KEK (Japan), SPIRAL-2 in France, ESS in Sweden, several project in China and India.

In addition to the applications of the SRF science in particle accelerators, the SRF technology is gaining more and more popularity in the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing. The SRF cavities can be used as superconducting qubits for scalable quantum information processing.

The field of RF superconductivity is very active. The SRF technology is the technology of choice for many types of modern particle accelerators. However, there are still many problems that need attention and careful investigation. This will require better understanding of fundamentals and new technological advances. As accelerator application demands continue to increase (higher energy, higher luminosity, brighter beams, more efficient accelerators, …) there will be no shortage of new challenges to tackle in the future.

==='''The Course'''===

Students will learn the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of the SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators and actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators. This course includes lectures and review sessions. Homework problems are assigned and graded. The solutions are discussed during the review sessions. There is a final exam at the conclusion of the course.

There are no dedicated courses like this at other universities. Courses on this topic are taught at the U.S. Particle Accelerator School (USPAS), where a two-week course is offered every 2 to 3 years.

Can students work in this area once they graduate? Yes, the field is expanding and there are many new job openings.

==='''The Instructors'''===

''Sergey Belomestnykh'' is an Adjunct Professor of in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Stony Brook University and Associate Division Head for SRF at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Dr. Belomestnykh has been involved in developing SRF systems for most of his career at Cornell University, BNL, and Fermilab. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a recipient of the 2015 IEEE NPSS Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award “for achievements in the science and technology of RF and SRF for particle accelerators.”

''Irina Petrushina'' is a Research Assistant Professor of Physics at Stony Brook University. Dr. Petrushina is the winner of the 2020 RHIC and AGS thesis award, and a finalist of the 2021 Blavatnik Regional Award for Young Scientists. Her research is focused on the development of Superconducting Radiofrequency electron photoinjectors, aspects of Coherent electron Cooling, and implementation of diagnostic techniques for laser wakefield accelerators.

===='''Additional Information'''====

The course also includes some specialty lectures that are given by the leading experts in the field. For example, in 2021 an invited lecture on Cryogenics was given by A. Klebaner from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

The course has been offered several times. The last time was during Spring semester of 2021. There were 9 students enrolled in the course. This course falls within the scope of the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering and allows for the students outside Stony Brook University to enroll for credit.

RF Superconductivity

2022-11-30T23:28:24Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course */

== '''RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course '''==

[[Image:650MHz.jpg|600px|Image: 1200 pixels|thumb|'''''650 MHz multi-cell SRF cavity''''']]

'''Introduction'''

A game changing technology for accelerator design and operation is the use of radio frequency superconductivity. It allows much more energy efficient and also much more powerful accelerators to be constructed and utilized. The science and technology of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity involves the application of superconductors to RF devices. The Stony Brook University course PHY 543 (RF Superconductivity for Accelerators) is about the application of RF superconductivity to the acceleration of charged particles (electrons, positrons, protons, ions).

Why is RF Superconductivity important for accelerator design and operation? While superconductors are lossless at DC currents, they incur losses when AC currents are applied. However, the electrical resistivity at RF frequencies is ultra-low. For example, RF resonant cavities made of niobium and cooled down to 2 K have surface resistance of 5-6 orders of magnitude smaller than that of copper. This and other properties are exploited to design and construct high-performance particle accelerators.

'''Future Outlook'''

Many existing and future particle accelerators worldwide use or plan to use SRF technology.

Examples in the USA: RHIC and EIC at BNL, CEBAF at Jefferson Lab, SNS at ORNL, CESR at Cornell University, PIP-II at Fermilab, ATLAS at ANL, LCLS-II / LCLS-II-HE at SLAC.

Examples worldwide: LHC, FCC-ee, and FCC-hh at CERN, E-XFEL at DESY (Germany), SuperKEKB at KEK (Japan), SPIRAL-2 in France, ESS in Sweden, several project in China and India.

In addition to the applications of the SRF science in particle accelerators, the SRF technology is gaining more and more popularity in the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing. The SRF cavities can be used as superconducting qubits for scalable quantum information processing.

The field of RF superconductivity is very active. The SRF technology is the technology of choice for many types of modern particle accelerators. However, there are still many problems that need attention and careful investigation. This will require better understanding of fundamentals and new technological advances. As accelerator application demands continue to increase (higher energy, higher luminosity, brighter beams, more efficient accelerators, …) there will be no shortage of new challenges to tackle in the future.

'''The Course'''

Students will learn the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of the SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators and actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators. This course includes lectures and review sessions. Homework problems are assigned and graded. The solutions are discussed during the review sessions. There is a final exam at the conclusion of the course.

There are no dedicated courses like this at other universities. Courses on this topic are taught at the U.S. Particle Accelerator School (USPAS), where a two-week course is offered every 2 to 3 years.

Can students work in this area once they graduate? Yes, the field is expanding and there are many new job openings.

'''The Instructors'''

''Sergey Belomestnykh'' is an Adjunct Professor of in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Stony Brook University and Associate Division Head for SRF at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Dr. Belomestnykh has been involved in developing SRF systems for most of his career at Cornell University, BNL, and Fermilab. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a recipient of the 2015 IEEE NPSS Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award “for achievements in the science and technology of RF and SRF for particle accelerators.”

''Irina Petrushina'' is a Research Assistant Professor of Physics at Stony Brook University. Dr. Petrushina is the winner of the 2020 RHIC and AGS thesis award, and a finalist of the 2021 Blavatnik Regional Award for Young Scientists. Her research is focused on the development of Superconducting Radiofrequency electron photoinjectors, aspects of Coherent electron Cooling, and implementation of diagnostic techniques for laser wakefield accelerators.

The course also includes some specialty lectures that are given by the leading experts in the field. For example, in 2021 an invited lecture on Cryogenics was given by A. Klebaner from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

The course has been offered several times. The last time was during Spring semester of 2021. There were 9 students enrolled in the course. This course falls within the scope of the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering and allows for the students outside Stony Brook University to enroll for credit.

RF Superconductivity

2022-11-30T23:26:10Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course */

== '''RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course '''==

[[Image:650MHz.jpg|600px|Image: 1200 pixels|center|thumb|'''''650 MHz multi-cell SRF cavity''''']]

'''Introduction'''

A game changing technology for accelerator design and operation is the use of radio frequency superconductivity. It allows much more energy efficient and also much more powerful accelerators to be constructed and utilized. The science and technology of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity involves the application of superconductors to RF devices. The Stony Brook University course PHY 543 (RF Superconductivity for Accelerators) is about the application of RF superconductivity to the acceleration of charged particles (electrons, positrons, protons, ions).

Why is RF Superconductivity important for accelerator design and operation? While superconductors are lossless at DC currents, they incur losses when AC currents are applied. However, the electrical resistivity at RF frequencies is ultra-low. For example, RF resonant cavities made of niobium and cooled down to 2 K have surface resistance of 5-6 orders of magnitude smaller than that of copper. This and other properties are exploited to design and construct high-performance particle accelerators.

'''Future Outlook'''

Many existing and future particle accelerators worldwide use or plan to use SRF technology.

Examples in the USA: RHIC and EIC at BNL, CEBAF at Jefferson Lab, SNS at ORNL, CESR at Cornell University, PIP-II at Fermilab, ATLAS at ANL, LCLS-II / LCLS-II-HE at SLAC.

Examples worldwide: LHC, FCC-ee, and FCC-hh at CERN, E-XFEL at DESY (Germany), SuperKEKB at KEK (Japan), SPIRAL-2 in France, ESS in Sweden, several project in China and India.

In addition to the applications of the SRF science in particle accelerators, the SRF technology is gaining more and more popularity in the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing. The SRF cavities can be used as superconducting qubits for scalable quantum information processing.

The field of RF superconductivity is very active. The SRF technology is the technology of choice for many types of modern particle accelerators. However, there are still many problems that need attention and careful investigation. This will require better understanding of fundamentals and new technological advances. As accelerator application demands continue to increase (higher energy, higher luminosity, brighter beams, more efficient accelerators, …) there will be no shortage of new challenges to tackle in the future.

'''The Course'''

Students will learn the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of the SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators and actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators. This course includes lectures and review sessions. Homework problems are assigned and graded. The solutions are discussed during the review sessions. There is a final exam at the conclusion of the course.

There are no dedicated courses like this at other universities. Courses on this topic are taught at the U.S. Particle Accelerator School (USPAS), where a two-week course is offered every 2 to 3 years.

Can students work in this area once they graduate? Yes, the field is expanding and there are many new job openings.

'''The Instructors'''

''Sergey Belomestnykh'' is an Adjunct Professor of in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Stony Brook University and Associate Division Head for SRF at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Dr. Belomestnykh has been involved in developing SRF systems for most of his career at Cornell University, BNL, and Fermilab. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a recipient of the 2015 IEEE NPSS Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award “for achievements in the science and technology of RF and SRF for particle accelerators.”

''Irina Petrushina'' is a Research Assistant Professor of Physics at Stony Brook University. Dr. Petrushina is the winner of the 2020 RHIC and AGS thesis award, and a finalist of the 2021 Blavatnik Regional Award for Young Scientists. Her research is focused on the development of Superconducting Radiofrequency electron photoinjectors, aspects of Coherent electron Cooling, and implementation of diagnostic techniques for laser wakefield accelerators.

The course also includes some specialty lectures that are given by the leading experts in the field. For example, in 2021 an invited lecture on Cryogenics was given by A. Klebaner from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

The course has been offered several times. The last time was during Spring semester of 2021. There were 9 students enrolled in the course. This course falls within the scope of the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering and allows for the students outside Stony Brook University to enroll for credit.

RF Superconductivity

2022-11-30T23:19:53Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course */

== '''RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course '''==

[[Image:650MHz.jpg|600px|Image: 1200 pixels|center|frame|'''''650 MHz multi-cell SRF cavity''''']]

'''Introduction'''

A game changing technology for accelerator design and operation is the use of radio frequency superconductivity. It allows much more energy efficient and also much more powerful accelerators to be constructed and utilized. The science and technology of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity involves the application of superconductors to RF devices. The Stony Brook University course PHY 543 (RF Superconductivity for Accelerators) is about the application of RF superconductivity to the acceleration of charged particles (electrons, positrons, protons, ions).

Why is RF Superconductivity important for accelerator design and operation? While superconductors are lossless at DC currents, they incur losses when AC currents are applied. However, the electrical resistivity at RF frequencies is ultra-low. For example, RF resonant cavities made of niobium and cooled down to 2 K have surface resistance of 5-6 orders of magnitude smaller than that of copper. This and other properties are exploited to design and construct high-performance particle accelerators.

'''Future Outlook'''

Many existing and future particle accelerators worldwide use or plan to use SRF technology.

Examples in the USA: RHIC and EIC at BNL, CEBAF at Jefferson Lab, SNS at ORNL, CESR at Cornell University, PIP-II at Fermilab, ATLAS at ANL, LCLS-II / LCLS-II-HE at SLAC.

Examples worldwide: LHC, FCC-ee, and FCC-hh at CERN, E-XFEL at DESY (Germany), SuperKEKB at KEK (Japan), SPIRAL-2 in France, ESS in Sweden, several project in China and India.

In addition to the applications of the SRF science in particle accelerators, the SRF technology is gaining more and more popularity in the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing. The SRF cavities can be used as superconducting qubits for scalable quantum information processing.

The field of RF superconductivity is very active. The SRF technology is the technology of choice for many types of modern particle accelerators. However, there are still many problems that need attention and careful investigation. This will require better understanding of fundamentals and new technological advances. As accelerator application demands continue to increase (higher energy, higher luminosity, brighter beams, more efficient accelerators, …) there will be no shortage of new challenges to tackle in the future.

'''The Course'''

Students will learn the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of the SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators and actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators. This course includes lectures and review sessions. Homework problems are assigned and graded. The solutions are discussed during the review sessions. There is a final exam at the conclusion of the course.

There are no dedicated courses like this at other universities. Courses on this topic are taught at the U.S. Particle Accelerator School (USPAS), where a two-week course is offered every 2 to 3 years.

Can students work in this area once they graduate? Yes, the field is expanding and there are many new job openings.

'''The Instructors'''

''Sergey Belomestnykh'' is an Adjunct Professor of in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Stony Brook University and Associate Division Head for SRF at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Dr. Belomestnykh has been involved in developing SRF systems for most of his career at Cornell University, BNL, and Fermilab. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a recipient of the 2015 IEEE NPSS Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award “for achievements in the science and technology of RF and SRF for particle accelerators.”

''Irina Petrushina'' is a Research Assistant Professor of Physics at Stony Brook University. Dr. Petrushina is the winner of the 2020 RHIC and AGS thesis award, and a finalist of the 2021 Blavatnik Regional Award for Young Scientists. Her research is focused on the development of Superconducting Radiofrequency electron photoinjectors, aspects of Coherent electron Cooling, and implementation of diagnostic techniques for laser wakefield accelerators.

The course also includes some specialty lectures that are given by the leading experts in the field. For example, in 2021 an invited lecture on Cryogenics was given by A. Klebaner from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

The course has been offered several times. The last time was during Spring semester of 2021. There were 9 students enrolled in the course. This course falls within the scope of the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering and allows for the students outside Stony Brook University to enroll for credit.

RF Superconductivity

2022-11-30T23:13:21Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course */

== '''RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course '''==

[[Image:650MHz.jpg|600px|Image: 1200 pixels|center]]''[[650 MHz multi-cell SRF cavity.]]''

'''Introduction'''

A game changing technology for accelerator design and operation is the use of radio frequency superconductivity. It allows much more energy efficient and also much more powerful accelerators to be constructed and utilized. The science and technology of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity involves the application of superconductors to RF devices. The Stony Brook University course PHY 543 (RF Superconductivity for Accelerators) is about the application of RF superconductivity to the acceleration of charged particles (electrons, positrons, protons, ions).

Why is RF Superconductivity important for accelerator design and operation? While superconductors are lossless at DC currents, they incur losses when AC currents are applied. However, the electrical resistivity at RF frequencies is ultra-low. For example, RF resonant cavities made of niobium and cooled down to 2 K have surface resistance of 5-6 orders of magnitude smaller than that of copper. This and other properties are exploited to design and construct high-performance particle accelerators.

'''Future Outlook'''

Many existing and future particle accelerators worldwide use or plan to use SRF technology.

Examples in the USA: RHIC and EIC at BNL, CEBAF at Jefferson Lab, SNS at ORNL, CESR at Cornell University, PIP-II at Fermilab, ATLAS at ANL, LCLS-II / LCLS-II-HE at SLAC.

Examples worldwide: LHC, FCC-ee, and FCC-hh at CERN, E-XFEL at DESY (Germany), SuperKEKB at KEK (Japan), SPIRAL-2 in France, ESS in Sweden, several project in China and India.

In addition to the applications of the SRF science in particle accelerators, the SRF technology is gaining more and more popularity in the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing. The SRF cavities can be used as superconducting qubits for scalable quantum information processing.

The field of RF superconductivity is very active. The SRF technology is the technology of choice for many types of modern particle accelerators. However, there are still many problems that need attention and careful investigation. This will require better understanding of fundamentals and new technological advances. As accelerator application demands continue to increase (higher energy, higher luminosity, brighter beams, more efficient accelerators, …) there will be no shortage of new challenges to tackle in the future.

'''The Course'''

Students will learn the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of the SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators and actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators. This course includes lectures and review sessions. Homework problems are assigned and graded. The solutions are discussed during the review sessions. There is a final exam at the conclusion of the course.

There are no dedicated courses like this at other universities. Courses on this topic are taught at the U.S. Particle Accelerator School (USPAS), where a two-week course is offered every 2 to 3 years.

Can students work in this area once they graduate? Yes, the field is expanding and there are many new job openings.

'''The Instructors'''

''Sergey Belomestnykh'' is an Adjunct Professor of in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Stony Brook University and Associate Division Head for SRF at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Dr. Belomestnykh has been involved in developing SRF systems for most of his career at Cornell University, BNL, and Fermilab. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a recipient of the 2015 IEEE NPSS Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award “for achievements in the science and technology of RF and SRF for particle accelerators.”

''Irina Petrushina'' is a Research Assistant Professor of Physics at Stony Brook University. Dr. Petrushina is the winner of the 2020 RHIC and AGS thesis award, and a finalist of the 2021 Blavatnik Regional Award for Young Scientists. Her research is focused on the development of Superconducting Radiofrequency electron photoinjectors, aspects of Coherent electron Cooling, and implementation of diagnostic techniques for laser wakefield accelerators.

The course also includes some specialty lectures that are given by the leading experts in the field. For example, in 2021 an invited lecture on Cryogenics was given by A. Klebaner from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

The course has been offered several times. The last time was during Spring semester of 2021. There were 9 students enrolled in the course. This course falls within the scope of the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering and allows for the students outside Stony Brook University to enroll for credit.

RF Superconductivity

2022-11-30T23:10:34Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course */

== '''RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course '''==

[[Image:650MHz.jpg|600px|Image: 1200 pixels|center]]''[[650 MHz multi-cell SRF cavity. ]]''

'''Introduction'''

A game changing technology for accelerator design and operation is the use of radio frequency superconductivity. It allows much more energy efficient and also much more powerful accelerators to be constructed and utilized. The science and technology of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity involves the application of superconductors to RF devices. The Stony Brook University course PHY 543 (RF Superconductivity for Accelerators) is about the application of RF superconductivity to the acceleration of charged particles (electrons, positrons, protons, ions).

Why is RF Superconductivity important for accelerator design and operation? While superconductors are lossless at DC currents, they incur losses when AC currents are applied. However, the electrical resistivity at RF frequencies is ultra-low. For example, RF resonant cavities made of niobium and cooled down to 2 K have surface resistance of 5-6 orders of magnitude smaller than that of copper. This and other properties are exploited to design and construct high-performance particle accelerators.

'''Future Outlook'''

Many existing and future particle accelerators worldwide use or plan to use SRF technology.

Examples in the USA: RHIC and EIC at BNL, CEBAF at Jefferson Lab, SNS at ORNL, CESR at Cornell University, PIP-II at Fermilab, ATLAS at ANL, LCLS-II / LCLS-II-HE at SLAC.

Examples worldwide: LHC, FCC-ee, and FCC-hh at CERN, E-XFEL at DESY (Germany), SuperKEKB at KEK (Japan), SPIRAL-2 in France, ESS in Sweden, several project in China and India.

In addition to the applications of the SRF science in particle accelerators, the SRF technology is gaining more and more popularity in the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing. The SRF cavities can be used as superconducting qubits for scalable quantum information processing.

The field of RF superconductivity is very active. The SRF technology is the technology of choice for many types of modern particle accelerators. However, there are still many problems that need attention and careful investigation. This will require better understanding of fundamentals and new technological advances. As accelerator application demands continue to increase (higher energy, higher luminosity, brighter beams, more efficient accelerators, …) there will be no shortage of new challenges to tackle in the future.

'''The Course'''

Students will learn the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of the SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators and actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators. This course includes lectures and review sessions. Homework problems are assigned and graded. The solutions are discussed during the review sessions. There is a final exam at the conclusion of the course.

There are no dedicated courses like this at other universities. Courses on this topic are taught at the U.S. Particle Accelerator School (USPAS), where a two-week course is offered every 2 to 3 years.

Can students work in this area once they graduate? Yes, the field is expanding and there are many new job openings.

'''The Instructors'''

Sergey Belomestnykh is an Adjunct Professor of in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Stony Brook University and Associate Division Head for SRF at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Dr. Belomestnykh has been involved in developing SRF systems for most of his career at Cornell University, BNL, and Fermilab. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a recipient of the 2015 IEEE NPSS Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award “for achievements in the science and technology of RF and SRF for particle accelerators.”

Irina Petrushina is a Research Assistant Professor of Physics at Stony Brook University. Dr. Petrushina is the winner of the 2020 RHIC and AGS thesis award, and a finalist of the 2021 Blavatnik Regional Award for Young Scientists. Her research is focused on the development of Superconducting Radiofrequency electron photoinjectors, aspects of Coherent electron Cooling, and implementation of diagnostic techniques for laser wakefield accelerators.

The course also includes some specialty lectures that are given by the leading experts in the field. For example, in 2021 an invited lecture on Cryogenics was given by A. Klebaner from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

The course has been offered several times. The last time was during Spring semester of 2021. There were 9 students enrolled in the course. This course falls within the scope of the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering and allows for the students outside Stony Brook University to enroll for credit.

RF Superconductivity

2022-11-30T23:10:14Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course */

== '''RF Superconductivity for Accelerators in a Course '''==

[[Image:650MHz.jpg|600px|Image: 1200 pixels|center]]''[[650 MHz multi-cell SRF cavity. ]]''

'''Introduction'''

A game changing technology for accelerator design and operation is the use of radio frequency superconductivity. It allows much more energy efficient and also much more powerful accelerators to be constructed and utilized. The science and technology of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity involves the application of superconductors to RF devices. The Stony Brook University course PHY 543 (RF Superconductivity for Accelerators) is about the application of RF superconductivity to the acceleration of charged particles (electrons, positrons, protons, ions).

Why is RF Superconductivity important for accelerator design and operation? While superconductors are lossless at DC currents, they incur losses when AC currents are applied. However, the electrical resistivity at RF frequencies is ultra-low. For example, RF resonant cavities made of niobium and cooled down to 2 K have surface resistance of 5-6 orders of magnitude smaller than that of copper. This and other properties are exploited to design and construct high-performance particle accelerators.

'''Future Outlook'''

Many existing and future particle accelerators worldwide use or plan to use SRF technology.

Examples in the USA: RHIC and EIC at BNL, CEBAF at Jefferson Lab, SNS at ORNL, CESR at Cornell University, PIP-II at Fermilab, ATLAS at ANL, LCLS-II/LCLS-II-HE at SLAC.

Examples worldwide: LHC, FCC-ee, and FCC-hh at CERN, E-XFEL at DESY (Germany), SuperKEKB at KEK (Japan), SPIRAL-2 in France, ESS in Sweden, several project in China and India.

In addition to the applications of the SRF science in particle accelerators, the SRF technology is gaining more and more popularity in the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing. The SRF cavities can be used as superconducting qubits for scalable quantum information processing.

The field of RF superconductivity is very active. The SRF technology is the technology of choice for many types of modern particle accelerators. However, there are still many problems that need attention and careful investigation. This will require better understanding of fundamentals and new technological advances. As accelerator application demands continue to increase (higher energy, higher luminosity, brighter beams, more efficient accelerators, …) there will be no shortage of new challenges to tackle in the future.

'''The Course'''

Students will learn the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of the SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators and actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators. This course includes lectures and review sessions. Homework problems are assigned and graded. The solutions are discussed during the review sessions. There is a final exam at the conclusion of the course.

There are no dedicated courses like this at other universities. Courses on this topic are taught at the U.S. Particle Accelerator School (USPAS), where a two-week course is offered every 2 to 3 years.

Can students work in this area once they graduate? Yes, the field is expanding and there are many new job openings.

'''The Instructors'''

Sergey Belomestnykh is an Adjunct Professor of in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Stony Brook University and Associate Division Head for SRF at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Dr. Belomestnykh has been involved in developing SRF systems for most of his career at Cornell University, BNL, and Fermilab. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a recipient of the 2015 IEEE NPSS Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award “for achievements in the science and technology of RF and SRF for particle accelerators.”

Irina Petrushina is a Research Assistant Professor of Physics at Stony Brook University. Dr. Petrushina is the winner of the 2020 RHIC and AGS thesis award, and a finalist of the 2021 Blavatnik Regional Award for Young Scientists. Her research is focused on the development of Superconducting Radiofrequency electron photoinjectors, aspects of Coherent electron Cooling, and implementation of diagnostic techniques for laser wakefield accelerators.

The course also includes some specialty lectures that are given by the leading experts in the field. For example, in 2021 an invited lecture on Cryogenics was given by A. Klebaner from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

The course has been offered several times. The last time was during Spring semester of 2021. There were 9 students enrolled in the course. This course falls within the scope of the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering and allows for the students outside Stony Brook University to enroll for credit.

Courses: P554 Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics, Spring 2014

2022-03-25T16:42:04Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Lecture Notes */

<center>
<table width=60% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: Mon, Wed 5:30p-6:45p'''
* '''Where: Room P-124'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Vladimir Litvinenko
* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Prof. Yue Hao
* Prof. Yichao Jing
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

== Course Overview ==
The graduate/senior undergraduate level course focuses on the fundamental physics and key concepts of modern particle accelerators. The course is intended for graduate students and advanced undergraduate students who want to familiarize themselves with principles of accelerating charged particles and gain knowledge about contemporary particle accelerators and their applications.

It will cover the following contents:
* History of accelerators and basic principles (eg. centre of mass energy, luminosity, accelerating gradient, etc)

* Radio Frequency cavities, linacs, SRF accelerators;

* Magnets, Transverse motion, Strong focusing, simple lattices; Non-linearities and resonances;

* Circulating beams, Longitutdinal dynamics, Synchrotron radiation; principles of beam cooling,

* Applications of accelerators: light sources, medical uses

Students will be evaluated based on the following performances: '''final presentation on specific research paper (40%), homework assignments (40%) and class participation (20%).'''

==Learning Goals==

Students who have completed this course should

* Understand how various types of accelerators work and understand differences between them.
* Have a general understanding of transverse and longitudinal beam dynamics in accelerators.
* Have a general understanding of accelerating structures.
* Understand major applications of accelerators and the recent new concepts.

== Textbook and ''suggested materials''==

Textbook is to be decided from the following:
*Accelerator Physics, by S. Y. Lee
*An Introduction to the Physics of High Energy Accelerators, by D. A. Edwards and M. J. Syphers
*''Introduction To The Physics Of Particle Accelerators'', by Mario Conte and William W Mackay
*''Particle Accelerator Physics'', by Helmut Wiedemann
*''The Physics of Particle Accelerators: An Introduction'', by Klaus Wille and Jason McFall

10+ S.Y. Lee's and Edwards-Syphers' books are available in BNL library.

== Course Description ==
* Visiting to BNL <br />This class you will spend at BNL and will tour the kaleidoscope of world-class accelerators – from small super-bright linacs to giant ring of superconducting Relativist Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Don’t miss this tour – it is once in a lifetime opportunity

*Introduction to accelerator physics <br />You will have a glance into the history of accelerators and will learn about a variety of accelerators from electrostatic TV-tubes to gigantic atom and nuclear smashers. Basic figures of merit will be introduced (center of mass energy, luminosity, accelerating gradient, etc.) You will learn general principles behing linear accelerators and circular accelerators, their relative advantages and disadvantages.

*Radio frequency cavities, linacs, superconducting RF accelerators <br />This part of the course will be dedicated to physics and technology of accelerating structures. You will learn basic principles of using radio frequency electromagnetic fields to accelerate particles to very high energies. Different types of accelerating structures will be introduced. You will also learn about brand new direction in linear accelerators – so-called energy recovery linacs. As many modern accelerators are based on superconducting RF (SRF) technlogy, you will learn fundamentals of the SRF accelerators and their advantages over conventional (normal conductoing) RF accelerators.

*Linear transverse beam dynamics <br />This part of the course will be dedicated to detailed description of linear dynamics of particles in accelerators. You will learn about similarity of particles motion to an oscillator with time-dependent rigidity, matrix optics of various elements in accelerators, equation for beam envelopes and stability of periodic (circular) motion of the particles. Here you find a number of analogies with planetary motion, including oscillation of Earth’s moon. You will learn some “standards” of the accelerator physics – betatron tunes and beta-function and their importance in circular accelerators.

*Nonlinear transverse beam dynamics <br />This lecture will open door in fascinating and never-ending elegance and complexity on nonlinear beam dynamics. You will learn about non-linear resonances, which may affect stability of the particles and about their location on the tune diagram. You will learn about chromatic (energy dependent) effects, use of non-linear elements to compensate them, and about problems created by introducing them. Some of traditional perturbation theory methods will be introduced during this lecture.

*Longitudinal beam dynamics <br />If you were ever wondering why Saturn rings do not collapse into one large ball of rock under gravitational attraction – this where you will learn of the effect so-called negative mass in longitudinal motion of particles. You will also learn about so-called synchrotron oscillations, which are have a lot of similarity with pendulum motion. One more “tunes” to remember about - synchrotron tune.

*Radiation effect <br />Charged particles going around an accelerator do radiate when their trajectory is bent – hence, there is entire range of topics arising from this fact. It goes from such effect as radiation damping of the particle oscillations, quantum excitation of such oscillation to the use of this extraordinary radiation as cutting-edge research tool. We will look both into positive (usefulness of synchrotron and FEL radiation) and negative (limiting the energy of electron storage rings) aspects of this natural phenomenon.

*Accelerator application <br />We will devote this part of the course to the discussion of variety of accelerator application, among which are accelerators for nuclear and particle physics, X-ray light sources, accelerators for medical uses, etc. You will also learn about future accelerators at the energy and intensity forntiers as well as about new methods of particle acceleration.

== Lecture Notes==

* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6RU5WMjFCSG5FdTA/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Modern Accelerators], by Prof Litvinenko
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6RUFIMXFqeTE5ZVk/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 2: History of Accelerator, Colliders], by Prof Litvinenko
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10h1fZDzXFzLWxLU2dvTkozZTQ/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-w8S-85esvCYgnRM3kAEIKA Lecture 3: Introduction to RF Acceleration], by Prof. Belomestnykh.
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10h1fZDzXFzUE1rQUNUb3pxX00/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-LYposakD7JAsnfonZdmzUg Lecture 4: Basic concepts of RF superconductivity], by Prof. Belomestnykh.
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10h1fZDzXFzaUt2eDdkSTJYbWc/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-sCj0idmiOQA-dipI4TS1wg Lecture 5: Superconducting vs. normal conducting accelerating systems, SRF performance limitations], by Prof. Belomestnykh.
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10h1fZDzXFzZWdhYU95cDZQczg/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-hU9nF81ozxZw6CUqKIHGIQ Lecture 6: Beam-cavity interaction], by Prof. Belomestnykh.
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10h1fZDzXFzUDc3THkyZVhvV1U/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-oqC85EZikSpMvvdDnelOlg Lecture 7: Circuit model and RF power requirements], by Prof. Belomestnykh.
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3LdTjPzf1jOTWU4T3Jva3E2aW8/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Transverse motion - linear betatron motion], by Prof. Jing
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3LdTjPzf1jOd1dtNTczSjNzdm8/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 9: Transverse motion - Floquet transformation], by Porf. Jing
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8AKIiV6Y_X3ZktWOC1tdTFsUnM/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Transverse motion - beam emittance and dipole error], by Prof. Jing
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3LdTjPzf1jOc04wSGNUVGY1M0U/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 11: Transverse motion - dipole error and dispersion], by Prof. Jing
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3LdTjPzf1jOMF9oVm5ITm9hZVE/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 12: Transverse motion - rf dipole and quadrupole field errors], by Prof.Jing
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8AKIiV6Y_X3Tno1VjFIOGt0eXM/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Transverse motion - Chromaticity and its correction], by Prof. Jing
* [http://1drv.ms/1gwGDYt Lecture 14: Longitudinal Dynamics I-II], by Prof. Hao
* [http://1drv.ms/1gwGc0e Lecture 15: Synchrotron Radiation], by Prof. Hao, The simulation code can be found [http://www.shintakelab.com/en/enEducationalSoft.htm Here].
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8AKIiV6Y_X3SndrLVp3QkJvZlU/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 16: Resonances and review of transverse motion], by Prof. Jing
* [http://1drv.ms/1m2LQs9 Lecture 17: Beam Dynamics in Electron Storage Ring], by Prof. Hao
* [[media:lecture_18.pptx|Lecture 18: Synchrotron light source]], by Prof. Hao
* [http://1drv.ms/1ifD70I Lecture 19: Free Electron Laser], by Prof. Hao
* [http://1drv.ms/QycXRk Lecture 20: Beam Cooling], by Prof. Hao
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6V1pVYkpNbXd2SUk/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Medical Applications of Accelerators], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6N0pkREV3TUJzVFk/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 22: Applications of Accelerators], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6OGY2c0RYRFE0Qkk/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 23: Advanced Acceleration Methods], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6YWU4M0s1OG1wYTQ/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 24: Scientific Applications of Accelerators], by Prof. Litvinenko

Courses: P554 Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics, Spring 2014

2022-03-25T16:40:36Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

<center>
<table width=60% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: Mon, Wed 5:30p-6:45p'''
* '''Where: Room P-124'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Vladimir Litvinenko
* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Prof. Yue Hao
* Prof. Yichao Jing
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

== Course Overview ==
The graduate/senior undergraduate level course focuses on the fundamental physics and key concepts of modern particle accelerators. The course is intended for graduate students and advanced undergraduate students who want to familiarize themselves with principles of accelerating charged particles and gain knowledge about contemporary particle accelerators and their applications.

It will cover the following contents:
* History of accelerators and basic principles (eg. centre of mass energy, luminosity, accelerating gradient, etc)

* Radio Frequency cavities, linacs, SRF accelerators;

* Magnets, Transverse motion, Strong focusing, simple lattices; Non-linearities and resonances;

* Circulating beams, Longitutdinal dynamics, Synchrotron radiation; principles of beam cooling,

* Applications of accelerators: light sources, medical uses

Students will be evaluated based on the following performances: '''final presentation on specific research paper (40%), homework assignments (40%) and class participation (20%).'''

==Learning Goals==

Students who have completed this course should

* Understand how various types of accelerators work and understand differences between them.
* Have a general understanding of transverse and longitudinal beam dynamics in accelerators.
* Have a general understanding of accelerating structures.
* Understand major applications of accelerators and the recent new concepts.

== Textbook and ''suggested materials''==

Textbook is to be decided from the following:
*Accelerator Physics, by S. Y. Lee
*An Introduction to the Physics of High Energy Accelerators, by D. A. Edwards and M. J. Syphers
*''Introduction To The Physics Of Particle Accelerators'', by Mario Conte and William W Mackay
*''Particle Accelerator Physics'', by Helmut Wiedemann
*''The Physics of Particle Accelerators: An Introduction'', by Klaus Wille and Jason McFall

10+ S.Y. Lee's and Edwards-Syphers' books are available in BNL library.

== Course Description ==
* Visiting to BNL <br />This class you will spend at BNL and will tour the kaleidoscope of world-class accelerators – from small super-bright linacs to giant ring of superconducting Relativist Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Don’t miss this tour – it is once in a lifetime opportunity

*Introduction to accelerator physics <br />You will have a glance into the history of accelerators and will learn about a variety of accelerators from electrostatic TV-tubes to gigantic atom and nuclear smashers. Basic figures of merit will be introduced (center of mass energy, luminosity, accelerating gradient, etc.) You will learn general principles behing linear accelerators and circular accelerators, their relative advantages and disadvantages.

*Radio frequency cavities, linacs, superconducting RF accelerators <br />This part of the course will be dedicated to physics and technology of accelerating structures. You will learn basic principles of using radio frequency electromagnetic fields to accelerate particles to very high energies. Different types of accelerating structures will be introduced. You will also learn about brand new direction in linear accelerators – so-called energy recovery linacs. As many modern accelerators are based on superconducting RF (SRF) technlogy, you will learn fundamentals of the SRF accelerators and their advantages over conventional (normal conductoing) RF accelerators.

*Linear transverse beam dynamics <br />This part of the course will be dedicated to detailed description of linear dynamics of particles in accelerators. You will learn about similarity of particles motion to an oscillator with time-dependent rigidity, matrix optics of various elements in accelerators, equation for beam envelopes and stability of periodic (circular) motion of the particles. Here you find a number of analogies with planetary motion, including oscillation of Earth’s moon. You will learn some “standards” of the accelerator physics – betatron tunes and beta-function and their importance in circular accelerators.

*Nonlinear transverse beam dynamics <br />This lecture will open door in fascinating and never-ending elegance and complexity on nonlinear beam dynamics. You will learn about non-linear resonances, which may affect stability of the particles and about their location on the tune diagram. You will learn about chromatic (energy dependent) effects, use of non-linear elements to compensate them, and about problems created by introducing them. Some of traditional perturbation theory methods will be introduced during this lecture.

*Longitudinal beam dynamics <br />If you were ever wondering why Saturn rings do not collapse into one large ball of rock under gravitational attraction – this where you will learn of the effect so-called negative mass in longitudinal motion of particles. You will also learn about so-called synchrotron oscillations, which are have a lot of similarity with pendulum motion. One more “tunes” to remember about - synchrotron tune.

*Radiation effect <br />Charged particles going around an accelerator do radiate when their trajectory is bent – hence, there is entire range of topics arising from this fact. It goes from such effect as radiation damping of the particle oscillations, quantum excitation of such oscillation to the use of this extraordinary radiation as cutting-edge research tool. We will look both into positive (usefulness of synchrotron and FEL radiation) and negative (limiting the energy of electron storage rings) aspects of this natural phenomenon.

*Accelerator application <br />We will devote this part of the course to the discussion of variety of accelerator application, among which are accelerators for nuclear and particle physics, X-ray light sources, accelerators for medical uses, etc. You will also learn about future accelerators at the energy and intensity forntiers as well as about new methods of particle acceleration.

== Lecture Notes==

* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6RU5WMjFCSG5FdTA/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Modern Accelerators], by Prof Litvinenko
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6RUFIMXFqeTE5ZVk/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 2: History of Accelerator, Colliders], by Prof Litvinenko
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10h1fZDzXFzLWxLU2dvTkozZTQ/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-w8S-85esvCYgnRM3kAEIKA Lecture 3: Introduction to RF Acceleration], by Prof. Belomestnykh.
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10h1fZDzXFzUE1rQUNUb3pxX00/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-LYposakD7JAsnfonZdmzUg Lecture 4: Basic concepts of RF superconductivity], by Prof. Belomestnykh.
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10h1fZDzXFzaUt2eDdkSTJYbWc/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-sCj0idmiOQA-dipI4TS1wg Lecture 5: Superconducting vs. normal conducting accelerating systems, SRF performance limitations], by Prof. Belomestnykh.
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10h1fZDzXFzZWdhYU95cDZQczg/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-hU9nF81ozxZw6CUqKIHGIQ Lecture 6: Beam-cavity interaction], by Prof. Belomestnykh.
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10h1fZDzXFzUDc3THkyZVhvV1U/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-oqC85EZikSpMvvdDnelOlg 7: Circuit model and RF power requirements], by Prof. Belomestnykh.
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3LdTjPzf1jOTWU4T3Jva3E2aW8/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Transverse motion - linear betatron motion], by Prof. Jing
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3LdTjPzf1jOd1dtNTczSjNzdm8/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 9: Transverse motion - Floquet transformation], by Porf. Jing
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8AKIiV6Y_X3ZktWOC1tdTFsUnM/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Transverse motion - beam emittance and dipole error], by Prof. Jing
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3LdTjPzf1jOc04wSGNUVGY1M0U/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 11: Transverse motion - dipole error and dispersion], by Prof. Jing
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3LdTjPzf1jOMF9oVm5ITm9hZVE/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 12: Transverse motion - rf dipole and quadrupole field errors], by Prof.Jing
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8AKIiV6Y_X3Tno1VjFIOGt0eXM/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Transverse motion - Chromaticity and its correction], by Prof. Jing
* [http://1drv.ms/1gwGDYt Lecture 14: Longitudinal Dynamics I-II], by Prof. Hao
* [http://1drv.ms/1gwGc0e Lecture 15: Synchrotron Radiation], by Prof. Hao, The simulation code can be found [http://www.shintakelab.com/en/enEducationalSoft.htm Here].
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8AKIiV6Y_X3SndrLVp3QkJvZlU/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 16: Resonances and review of transverse motion], by Prof. Jing
* [http://1drv.ms/1m2LQs9 Lecture 17: Beam Dynamics in Electron Storage Ring], by Prof. Hao
* [[media:lecture_18.pptx|Lecture 18: Synchrotron light source]], by Prof. Hao
* [http://1drv.ms/1ifD70I Lecture 19: Free Electron Laser], by Prof. Hao
* [http://1drv.ms/QycXRk Lecture 20: Beam Cooling], by Prof. Hao
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6V1pVYkpNbXd2SUk/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Medical Applications of Accelerators], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6N0pkREV3TUJzVFk/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 22: Applications of Accelerators], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6OGY2c0RYRFE0Qkk/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 23: Advanced Acceleration Methods], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwB6rADLTPw6YWU4M0s1OG1wYTQ/edit?usp=sharing Lecture 24: Scientific Applications of Accelerators], by Prof. Litvinenko

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-05-04T00:01:31Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Homeworks */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 8:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VTW5WCmpnWl-UJYMrn0fnKxon3I8dUPo/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCDCBse3dFMw2n_AYMjrLQELenX7ZmcB/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PFmygqe5yCTFTpEC_WvlSZTr1U-nH9lX/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ibWffhvCGyYGibC9y3pmy1ilt5XUeOw/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uyFtIjQbV4mXtdXqenqbHSvYM4I6Ym7l/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hSQJky7Yli78zHH32mmEVZV43u0Xi4OZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WrP3o1ns3jPrRq6LNYyxH5OhyTv7XQ7e/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jXC80O2wtZL-0EKcq9fn__OAE9ePntiZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GOj2Pslbyjzm1NC9oKKrAa7MrWWHOthx/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uVNkQ5lqU-e8rBVmckOhDQXBI48HMX1c/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1522gXKvOzjGBb2SB57taDMkTlPtWqN9N/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Cavity design]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K6-7wWztHPPWYHLaNO4dM1ft0FLjOpVU/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Cryomodule design]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rZ3tYyObDMGl_bdL88yPmpxVXG4vBRFu/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AfusxU7cac86byrO5BZ8QRV_SC-rsrQd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HArNGaxD7PIAvKKva_VFGGhbaRC4cTXY/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sJpLOplUnCvXEU7j_JT-IE2Pf2A2-xUz/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iw3yDB4opOOTmf_UpXv2mJnIaAnT1CU0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gbx_OyATBmc_IZ0P_dXacgpwusByhNjd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: High power RF sources]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yt6dW8Uzw-8c59VmM8HWysd4G3DrrFK0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dpSP2hqNHlQqVPtvX9k262RQUwzc7CJ6/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22-23: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SH7KN21FegoyeSmV9alSiGMwz8ASsrsm/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZHFa5OJVu9uu2_vojddPYQk7mlyJfTVg/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LLJWMfL7uC2EuihqXfh912jW8p3i_hiu/view?usp=sharing HW1]] Due February 22
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/10WF2KbS2HeFE-hwAATwczYx-7SV6oX1z/view?usp=sharingf HW2]] Due March 8
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_LL_9JB-gtlsPN_HVmmBDUsRMDC06n8f/view?usp=sharing HW3]] Due March 29
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rB200cwHsJcKCKdYghcWh20iEsLI_Ayf/view?usp=sharing HW4]] Due April 19

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, March 1'''
*'''Session 2, March 15'''
*'''Session 3, April 5'''
*'''Session 4, April 26'''

'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wL4wGlEXxAm-dk6zhvv2qDJflgMKzbsm/view?usp=sharing Final Exam]] due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-05-03T23:59:10Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Homeworks */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 8:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VTW5WCmpnWl-UJYMrn0fnKxon3I8dUPo/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCDCBse3dFMw2n_AYMjrLQELenX7ZmcB/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PFmygqe5yCTFTpEC_WvlSZTr1U-nH9lX/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ibWffhvCGyYGibC9y3pmy1ilt5XUeOw/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uyFtIjQbV4mXtdXqenqbHSvYM4I6Ym7l/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hSQJky7Yli78zHH32mmEVZV43u0Xi4OZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WrP3o1ns3jPrRq6LNYyxH5OhyTv7XQ7e/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jXC80O2wtZL-0EKcq9fn__OAE9ePntiZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GOj2Pslbyjzm1NC9oKKrAa7MrWWHOthx/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uVNkQ5lqU-e8rBVmckOhDQXBI48HMX1c/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1522gXKvOzjGBb2SB57taDMkTlPtWqN9N/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Cavity design]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K6-7wWztHPPWYHLaNO4dM1ft0FLjOpVU/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Cryomodule design]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rZ3tYyObDMGl_bdL88yPmpxVXG4vBRFu/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AfusxU7cac86byrO5BZ8QRV_SC-rsrQd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HArNGaxD7PIAvKKva_VFGGhbaRC4cTXY/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sJpLOplUnCvXEU7j_JT-IE2Pf2A2-xUz/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iw3yDB4opOOTmf_UpXv2mJnIaAnT1CU0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gbx_OyATBmc_IZ0P_dXacgpwusByhNjd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: High power RF sources]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yt6dW8Uzw-8c59VmM8HWysd4G3DrrFK0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dpSP2hqNHlQqVPtvX9k262RQUwzc7CJ6/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22-23: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SH7KN21FegoyeSmV9alSiGMwz8ASsrsm/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZHFa5OJVu9uu2_vojddPYQk7mlyJfTVg/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LLJWMfL7uC2EuihqXfh912jW8p3i_hiu/view?usp=sharing HW1]] Due February 22
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due March 8
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due March 29
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due April 19

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, March 1, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, March 15, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, April 5, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, April 26, by Prof. Jing'''

'''Final Exam due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-05-03T23:57:46Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Lecture Notes */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 8:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VTW5WCmpnWl-UJYMrn0fnKxon3I8dUPo/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCDCBse3dFMw2n_AYMjrLQELenX7ZmcB/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PFmygqe5yCTFTpEC_WvlSZTr1U-nH9lX/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ibWffhvCGyYGibC9y3pmy1ilt5XUeOw/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uyFtIjQbV4mXtdXqenqbHSvYM4I6Ym7l/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hSQJky7Yli78zHH32mmEVZV43u0Xi4OZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WrP3o1ns3jPrRq6LNYyxH5OhyTv7XQ7e/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jXC80O2wtZL-0EKcq9fn__OAE9ePntiZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GOj2Pslbyjzm1NC9oKKrAa7MrWWHOthx/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uVNkQ5lqU-e8rBVmckOhDQXBI48HMX1c/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1522gXKvOzjGBb2SB57taDMkTlPtWqN9N/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Cavity design]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K6-7wWztHPPWYHLaNO4dM1ft0FLjOpVU/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Cryomodule design]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rZ3tYyObDMGl_bdL88yPmpxVXG4vBRFu/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AfusxU7cac86byrO5BZ8QRV_SC-rsrQd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HArNGaxD7PIAvKKva_VFGGhbaRC4cTXY/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sJpLOplUnCvXEU7j_JT-IE2Pf2A2-xUz/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iw3yDB4opOOTmf_UpXv2mJnIaAnT1CU0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gbx_OyATBmc_IZ0P_dXacgpwusByhNjd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: High power RF sources]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yt6dW8Uzw-8c59VmM8HWysd4G3DrrFK0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dpSP2hqNHlQqVPtvX9k262RQUwzc7CJ6/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22-23: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SH7KN21FegoyeSmV9alSiGMwz8ASsrsm/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZHFa5OJVu9uu2_vojddPYQk7mlyJfTVg/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due February 22
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due March 8
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due March 29
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due April 19

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, March 1, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, March 15, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, April 5, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, April 26, by Prof. Jing'''

'''Final Exam due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-05-03T23:45:17Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Lecture Notes */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 8:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VTW5WCmpnWl-UJYMrn0fnKxon3I8dUPo/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22: ]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 23: ]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: ]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: ]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 26: ]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due February 22
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due March 8
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due March 29
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due April 19

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, March 1, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, March 15, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, April 5, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, April 26, by Prof. Jing'''

'''Final Exam due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:45:55Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Lecture Notes */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 8:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22: ]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 23: ]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: ]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: ]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 26: ]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due February 22
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due March 8
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due March 29
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due April 19

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, March 1, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, March 15, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, April 5, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, April 26, by Prof. Jing'''

'''Final Exam due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:44:47Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Homeworks */

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 8:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 23: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 26: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due February 22
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due March 8
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due March 29
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due April 19

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, March 1, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, March 15, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, April 5, by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, April 26, by Prof. Jing'''

'''Final Exam due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:40:29Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 8:00pm'''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 23: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 26: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:39:39Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 23: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 26: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:39:07Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

<center>
<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=75% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 23: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 26: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:38:55Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

<center>
<table width=75% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 23: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 26: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:38:21Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

<center>
<table width=40% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=75% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
''Other Reading Recommendations''
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
''Additional reference books:''
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
''Online resources:''
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

== Lecture Notes==
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Introduction]''', by Dr. Petrushina
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 23: Introduction]''', by Mr. Klebaner
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: Introduction]''', by Dr. Posen
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 26: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh

== Homeworks==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]

Homework review sessions
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam due May 10'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:37:29Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:34:41Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Homeworks */

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:34:23Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Home Works */

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:32:38Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Lecture Notes */

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:31:47Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Lecture Notes */

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:17:50Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Main Texts and suggested materials */

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:16:25Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Lecture Notes */

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:11:21Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:09:34Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Grades */

<center>
<table width=40% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
Other Reading Recommendations
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
Additional reference books:
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
Online resources:
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.

==The Rules==
* You may collaborate with your classmates on the homework's if you are contributing to the solution. You must '''personally write up the solution of all problems'''. It would be appropriate and honorable to acknowledge your collaborators by mentioning their names. These acknowledgments will not affect your grades.
* We will greatly appreciate your homeworks being readable. Few explanatory words between equations will save us a lot of time while checking and grading your home-works. Nevertheless, your writing style will not affect your grades.
* Do not forget that simply copying somebody's solutions does not help you and in a long run we will identify it. If we find two or more identical homeworks, they all will get reduced grades. You may ask more advanced students, other faculty, friends, etc. for help or clues, as long as you personally contribute to the solution.
* You may (and are encouraged to) use the library and all available resources to help solve the problems. Use of Mathematica, other software tools and spreadsheets are encouraged. Cite your source, if you found the solution somewhere.
* You should return homework '''before the deadline'''. Homework returned after the deadline could be accepted with reduced grading - 15% per day. Otherwise, it will be unfair for your classmates who are doing their job on time. Therefore, you should be on time to keep your grade high. Exceptions are exceptions and do not count on them (if your dog eats your homework on a regular basis - feed it with something healthy, eating homework is bad for your pet and for you grade).

==Presentation on a Research Project==
* '''This presentation will be in place of the final exam'''. You will pick an accelerator project of your interest from a list provided by the instructors. We allow presentations on papers directly related to your research if they are linked to accelerator physics, but you will have to get it approved by the instructors. The presentations will be in a PowerPoint or equivalent a form.
*We will grade your presentations on: adequate understanding (good physics), adequate preparation (clear way of presentation, Visual Aids - pictures and figures), adequate references (where you find materials).
* The research project should be fun and we encourage you to choose an original topic and an original way of presentation. Nevertheless, any topic prepared and presented properly will have high grade.
*''' [[media:Projects_for_PHY_564.pdf ‎|Suggested topics for Projects]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Lecture Notes==

*'''[[media:PHY564_Lectures_1&2_compressed.pdf|Lectures 1 and 2: Least Action Principle, Geometry of Special Relativity, Particles in E&M fields]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_3_2020.pdf|Lecture 3: Linear Algebra]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_4_compressed.pdf|Lecture 4: Accelerator Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_5_compressed.pdf|Lecture 5: Hamiltonian Methods for Accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_6_compressed.pdf|Lecture 6: Matrix function, Sylvester formulae]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_7_compressed.pdf|Lecture 7: Matrices of arbitrary accelerator elements]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_8_compressed.pdf|Lecture 8: How to build a magnet]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_9_compressed.pdf|Lecture 9: Linear accelerators and RF systems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_10_compressed.pdf|Lecture 10: Periodic systems: stability and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_11_compressed.pdf|Lecture 11: Full 3D linearized motion in accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_12_compressed.pdf|Lecture 12: Synchrotron oscillations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_13_compressed.pdf|Lecture 13: Action and phase variables]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_14_15_compressed.pdf|Lectures 14 & 15: Solving standard accelerator problems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_16_compressed.pdf|Lecture 16: Effects of synchrotron radiation]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_17_compressed.pdf|Lecture 17: Fokker-Plank and Vlasov equations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_18_19_compressed.pdf|Lectures 18 & 19: Eigen beam emittances and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_20_2020.pdf|Lecture 20: Collective Effects I: Wakefield and Impedances]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_21_2020.pdf|Lecture 21: Collective Effects II: Examples of Collective Instabilities]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_22_2020.pdf|Lecture 22: Free Electron Lasers: Introduction and Small Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_23_2020.pdf|Lecture 23: Free Electron Lasers: Free Electron Lasers: High Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_24_2020.pdf|Lecture 24: Hadron Beam Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_25_2020.pdf|Lecture 25: Nonlinear dynamics: Part I, Chromaticity and its correction]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_26_2020.pdf|Lecture 26: Nonlinear dynamics: Part II, Nonlinear resonances]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_2020.pdf|Lecture 27: Nonlinear dynamics: Part III, Normalization of maps]], by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam, December 16'''
*'''Part 1: Lead Prof. Jing'''
*'''3:00 pm Xiangdong Li, Free electron lasers'''
*'''3:30 pm Jiayang Yan, Laser-Plasma Accelerators'''
*'''4:00 pm Nikhil Bachhawat, e+e- colliders'''
*'''Part 2: Lead Prof. Wang'''
*'''4:45 pm Kristina Finnelli - Industrial applications of accelerators'''
*'''5:15 pm Nikhil Kumar - Medical application of accelerators'''
*'''5:45 pm Ian Schwartz - Accelerators in Food Processing'''

*'''Additional Material'''
*'''[[media:Lorentz_Group.pdf|Lorentz Group]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Special_relativity_intro.pdf|Special Relativity intro]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Proof_detM_is_1.pdf|Proof: determinant of a symplectic matrix is 1]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:Differential_operators_compressed.pdf |Differential operators in curvelinear coordinate systems ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Hamiltonian_expansion.pdf |Accelerator Hamiltonian expansion]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Appendix_F.pdf|Solution of inhomogeneous equation ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Extra_RF_and_SRF_accelerators.pdf|Extra material - RF and SRF accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Derive_Saldin_chap_2_1.pdf|Derivation of FEL Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:SC_test.pdf|Matlab script to test concept of Stochastic Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_F2017.pdf|Lecture: Colliders]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Home Works==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_6.pdf|HW6]] Due September 23 [[media:Homework_6_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_7.pdf|HW7]] Due September 28 [[media:Homework_7_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_8_2020.pdf|HW8]] Due September 30 [[media:Homework_8_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_9.pdf|HW9]] Due October 7 [[media:Homework_9_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_10.pdf|HW10]] Due October 12 [[media:Homework_10_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_11.pdf|HW11]] Due October 14 [[media:Homework_11_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_12_2020.pdf|HW12 - STAR problem]] Due October 19 [[media:Homework_12_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_13_2020.pdf|HW13 - STAR problem]] Due October 21 [[media:Homework_13_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_14_2020.pdf|HW14]] Due October 26 [[media:Homework_14_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_15_2020.pdf|HW15]] Due October 28 [[media:Homework_15_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_16_2020.pdf|HW16]] Due November 2 [[media:Homework_16_2020_Solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_17_2020.pdf|HW17]] Due November 4 [[media:Homework_17_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_18_2020.pdf|HW18]] Due November 11 [[media:Homework_18_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_19_2020.pdf|HW19]] Due November 16 [[media:Homework_19_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_20_2020.pdf|HW20]] Due November 18 [[media:Homework_20_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_21_2020.pdf|HW21]] Due November 23 [[media:Homework_21_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]

== Recitation sessions==
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:09:05Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

<center>
<table width=40% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
Other Reading Recommendations
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
Additional reference books:
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
Online resources:
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Grades==
There will be a substantial number of problems. Most of them are aiming for better understanding of material covered during classes. The final grade will be based on:
*Homework assignments - 40% of the grade
*Presentation of a research topic - 40% of the grade
*Class Participation - 20% of the grade

==The Rules==
* You may collaborate with your classmates on the homework's if you are contributing to the solution. You must '''personally write up the solution of all problems'''. It would be appropriate and honorable to acknowledge your collaborators by mentioning their names. These acknowledgments will not affect your grades.
* We will greatly appreciate your homeworks being readable. Few explanatory words between equations will save us a lot of time while checking and grading your home-works. Nevertheless, your writing style will not affect your grades.
* Do not forget that simply copying somebody's solutions does not help you and in a long run we will identify it. If we find two or more identical homeworks, they all will get reduced grades. You may ask more advanced students, other faculty, friends, etc. for help or clues, as long as you personally contribute to the solution.
* You may (and are encouraged to) use the library and all available resources to help solve the problems. Use of Mathematica, other software tools and spreadsheets are encouraged. Cite your source, if you found the solution somewhere.
* You should return homework '''before the deadline'''. Homework returned after the deadline could be accepted with reduced grading - 15% per day. Otherwise, it will be unfair for your classmates who are doing their job on time. Therefore, you should be on time to keep your grade high. Exceptions are exceptions and do not count on them (if your dog eats your homework on a regular basis - feed it with something healthy, eating homework is bad for your pet and for you grade).

==Presentation on a Research Project==
* '''This presentation will be in place of the final exam'''. You will pick an accelerator project of your interest from a list provided by the instructors. We allow presentations on papers directly related to your research if they are linked to accelerator physics, but you will have to get it approved by the instructors. The presentations will be in a PowerPoint or equivalent a form.
*We will grade your presentations on: adequate understanding (good physics), adequate preparation (clear way of presentation, Visual Aids - pictures and figures), adequate references (where you find materials).
* The research project should be fun and we encourage you to choose an original topic and an original way of presentation. Nevertheless, any topic prepared and presented properly will have high grade.
*''' [[media:Projects_for_PHY_564.pdf ‎|Suggested topics for Projects]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Lecture Notes==

*'''[[media:PHY564_Lectures_1&2_compressed.pdf|Lectures 1 and 2: Least Action Principle, Geometry of Special Relativity, Particles in E&M fields]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_3_2020.pdf|Lecture 3: Linear Algebra]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_4_compressed.pdf|Lecture 4: Accelerator Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_5_compressed.pdf|Lecture 5: Hamiltonian Methods for Accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_6_compressed.pdf|Lecture 6: Matrix function, Sylvester formulae]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_7_compressed.pdf|Lecture 7: Matrices of arbitrary accelerator elements]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_8_compressed.pdf|Lecture 8: How to build a magnet]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_9_compressed.pdf|Lecture 9: Linear accelerators and RF systems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_10_compressed.pdf|Lecture 10: Periodic systems: stability and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_11_compressed.pdf|Lecture 11: Full 3D linearized motion in accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_12_compressed.pdf|Lecture 12: Synchrotron oscillations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_13_compressed.pdf|Lecture 13: Action and phase variables]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_14_15_compressed.pdf|Lectures 14 & 15: Solving standard accelerator problems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_16_compressed.pdf|Lecture 16: Effects of synchrotron radiation]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_17_compressed.pdf|Lecture 17: Fokker-Plank and Vlasov equations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_18_19_compressed.pdf|Lectures 18 & 19: Eigen beam emittances and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_20_2020.pdf|Lecture 20: Collective Effects I: Wakefield and Impedances]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_21_2020.pdf|Lecture 21: Collective Effects II: Examples of Collective Instabilities]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_22_2020.pdf|Lecture 22: Free Electron Lasers: Introduction and Small Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_23_2020.pdf|Lecture 23: Free Electron Lasers: Free Electron Lasers: High Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_24_2020.pdf|Lecture 24: Hadron Beam Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_25_2020.pdf|Lecture 25: Nonlinear dynamics: Part I, Chromaticity and its correction]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_26_2020.pdf|Lecture 26: Nonlinear dynamics: Part II, Nonlinear resonances]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_2020.pdf|Lecture 27: Nonlinear dynamics: Part III, Normalization of maps]], by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam, December 16'''
*'''Part 1: Lead Prof. Jing'''
*'''3:00 pm Xiangdong Li, Free electron lasers'''
*'''3:30 pm Jiayang Yan, Laser-Plasma Accelerators'''
*'''4:00 pm Nikhil Bachhawat, e+e- colliders'''
*'''Part 2: Lead Prof. Wang'''
*'''4:45 pm Kristina Finnelli - Industrial applications of accelerators'''
*'''5:15 pm Nikhil Kumar - Medical application of accelerators'''
*'''5:45 pm Ian Schwartz - Accelerators in Food Processing'''

*'''Additional Material'''
*'''[[media:Lorentz_Group.pdf|Lorentz Group]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Special_relativity_intro.pdf|Special Relativity intro]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Proof_detM_is_1.pdf|Proof: determinant of a symplectic matrix is 1]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:Differential_operators_compressed.pdf |Differential operators in curvelinear coordinate systems ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Hamiltonian_expansion.pdf |Accelerator Hamiltonian expansion]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Appendix_F.pdf|Solution of inhomogeneous equation ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Extra_RF_and_SRF_accelerators.pdf|Extra material - RF and SRF accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Derive_Saldin_chap_2_1.pdf|Derivation of FEL Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:SC_test.pdf|Matlab script to test concept of Stochastic Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_F2017.pdf|Lecture: Colliders]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Home Works==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_6.pdf|HW6]] Due September 23 [[media:Homework_6_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_7.pdf|HW7]] Due September 28 [[media:Homework_7_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_8_2020.pdf|HW8]] Due September 30 [[media:Homework_8_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_9.pdf|HW9]] Due October 7 [[media:Homework_9_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_10.pdf|HW10]] Due October 12 [[media:Homework_10_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_11.pdf|HW11]] Due October 14 [[media:Homework_11_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_12_2020.pdf|HW12 - STAR problem]] Due October 19 [[media:Homework_12_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_13_2020.pdf|HW13 - STAR problem]] Due October 21 [[media:Homework_13_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_14_2020.pdf|HW14]] Due October 26 [[media:Homework_14_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_15_2020.pdf|HW15]] Due October 28 [[media:Homework_15_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_16_2020.pdf|HW16]] Due November 2 [[media:Homework_16_2020_Solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_17_2020.pdf|HW17]] Due November 4 [[media:Homework_17_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_18_2020.pdf|HW18]] Due November 11 [[media:Homework_18_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_19_2020.pdf|HW19]] Due November 16 [[media:Homework_19_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_20_2020.pdf|HW20]] Due November 18 [[media:Homework_20_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_21_2020.pdf|HW21]] Due November 23 [[media:Homework_21_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]

== Recitation sessions==
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:08:15Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Main Texts and suggested materials */

<center>
<table width=40% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
Other Reading Recommendations
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
or other similar textbooks.
Additional reference books:
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
Online resources:
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
* High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson

==Course Description==

*Relativistic mechanics and E&D. Linear algebra.
*:This will be a brief but complete rehash of relativistic mechanics, E&M and linear algebra material required for this course.
*N-dimensional phase space, Canonical transformations, simplecticity, invariants
*:Canonical transformations and related to it simplecticity of the phase space are important part of beam dynamics in accelerators. We will consider connections between them as well as derive all Poincare invariants (including Liouville theorem). We will use a case of a coupled N-dimensional linear oscillator system for transforming to the action and phase variables. We finish with adiabatic invariants.
*Relativistic beams, Reference orbit and Accelerator Hamiltonian
*:We will use least action principle to derive the most general form of accelerator Hamiltonian using curvilinear coordinate system related to the beam trajectory (orbit).
*Linear beam dynamics
*:This part of the course will be dedicated to detailed description of linear dynamics of particles in accelerators. You will learn about particles motion in oscillator potential with time- dependent rigidity. You will learn how to calculate matrices of arbitrary element in accelerators. We will use eigen vectors and eigen number to parameterize the particles motion and describe its stability in circular accelerators. Here you find a number of analogies with planetary motion, including oscillation of Earth’s moon. You will learn some “standards” of the accelerator physics – betatron tunes and beta-function and their importance in circular accelerators.
*Longitudinal beam dynamics
*:Here you will learn about one important approximation widely used in accelerator physics – “slow” longitudinal oscillations, which are have a lot of similarity with pendulum motion. If you were ever wondering why Saturn rings do not collapse into one large ball of rock under gravitational attraction – this where you will learn of the effect so-called negative mass in longitudinal motion of particles when attraction of the particles cause their separation.
*Invariants of motion, Canonical transforms to the action and phase variables, emittance of the beam, perturbation methods, perturbative non-linear effects
*:In this part of the course we will remove “regular and boring” oscillatory part of the particle’s motion and focus on how to include weak linear and nonlinear perturbations to the particles motion. We will solve a number of standard accelerator problems: perturbed orbit, effects of focusing errors, “weak effects” such as synchrotron radiation, resonant Hamiltonian, etc. We will re-introduce Poincare diagrams for illustration of the resonances. You will learn how non- linear resonances may affect stability of the particles and about their location on the tune diagram. You will learn about chromatic (energy dependent) effects, use of non-linear elements to compensate them, and about problems created by introducing them.
*Non-linear effects, Lie algebras and symplectic maps
*:This part of the course will open you the door into and complex nonlinear beam dynamics. We will introduce you to non-perturbative nonlinear dynamics and fascinating world of non-linear maps, Lie algebras and Lie operators. These are the main tools in the modern non-linear beam dynamics. You will learn about dynamic aperture of accelerators as well as how our modern tools are similar to those used in celestial mechanics.
*Vlasov and Fokker-Plank equations
*:This part of the course is dedicated to the developing of tools necessary for studies of collective effects in accelerators. We will introduce distribution function of the particles and its evolution equations: one following conservation of Poincare invariants and the other including stochastic processes.
*Radiation effects
*:You will learn how to use the tools we had developed in previous lectures (both the perturbation methods and Fokker-Plank equation) to evaluate effect of synchrotron radiation on the particle’s motion in accelerator. You will see how the effect of radiation damping and quantum excitation lead to formation of equilibrium Gaussian distribution of the particles.
*Collective phenomena
*:Intense beam of charged particles excite E&M fields when propagate through accelerator structures. These fields, in return, act on the particles and can cause variety of instabilities. Some of these instabilities – such as a free-electron lasers (FEL) – can be very useful as powerful coherent X-rays sources. Others (and they are majority) do impose limits on the beam intensities or limit available range of the beam parameters. You will learn techniques involved in studies of collective effects and will use them for some of instabilities, including FEL. The second part of the collective effect will focus on how we can cool hadron beams, which do not have natural cooling.
*Spin dynamics
*:Many particles used in accelerators have spin. Beams of such particles with preferred orientation of their spins called polarized. Large number of high energy physics experiments using colliders strongly benefit from colliding polarized beams. You will learn the main aspects of the spin dynamics in the accelerators and about various ways to keep beam polarized. One more “tunes” to worry about - spin tune.
*Accelerator application
*:We will finish the course with a brief discussion of accelerator application, among which are accelerators for nuclear and particle physics, X-ray light sources, accelerators for medical uses, etc. You will also learn about future accelerators at the energy and intensity frontiers as well as about new methods of particle acceleration.

==Grades==
There will be a substantial number of problems. Most of them are aiming for better understanding of material covered during classes. The final grade will be based on:
*Homework assignments - 40% of the grade
*Presentation of a research topic - 40% of the grade
*Class Participation - 20% of the grade

==The Rules==
* You may collaborate with your classmates on the homework's if you are contributing to the solution. You must '''personally write up the solution of all problems'''. It would be appropriate and honorable to acknowledge your collaborators by mentioning their names. These acknowledgments will not affect your grades.
* We will greatly appreciate your homeworks being readable. Few explanatory words between equations will save us a lot of time while checking and grading your home-works. Nevertheless, your writing style will not affect your grades.
* Do not forget that simply copying somebody's solutions does not help you and in a long run we will identify it. If we find two or more identical homeworks, they all will get reduced grades. You may ask more advanced students, other faculty, friends, etc. for help or clues, as long as you personally contribute to the solution.
* You may (and are encouraged to) use the library and all available resources to help solve the problems. Use of Mathematica, other software tools and spreadsheets are encouraged. Cite your source, if you found the solution somewhere.
* You should return homework '''before the deadline'''. Homework returned after the deadline could be accepted with reduced grading - 15% per day. Otherwise, it will be unfair for your classmates who are doing their job on time. Therefore, you should be on time to keep your grade high. Exceptions are exceptions and do not count on them (if your dog eats your homework on a regular basis - feed it with something healthy, eating homework is bad for your pet and for you grade).

==Presentation on a Research Project==
* '''This presentation will be in place of the final exam'''. You will pick an accelerator project of your interest from a list provided by the instructors. We allow presentations on papers directly related to your research if they are linked to accelerator physics, but you will have to get it approved by the instructors. The presentations will be in a PowerPoint or equivalent a form.
*We will grade your presentations on: adequate understanding (good physics), adequate preparation (clear way of presentation, Visual Aids - pictures and figures), adequate references (where you find materials).
* The research project should be fun and we encourage you to choose an original topic and an original way of presentation. Nevertheless, any topic prepared and presented properly will have high grade.
*''' [[media:Projects_for_PHY_564.pdf ‎|Suggested topics for Projects]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Lecture Notes==

*'''[[media:PHY564_Lectures_1&2_compressed.pdf|Lectures 1 and 2: Least Action Principle, Geometry of Special Relativity, Particles in E&M fields]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_3_2020.pdf|Lecture 3: Linear Algebra]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_4_compressed.pdf|Lecture 4: Accelerator Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_5_compressed.pdf|Lecture 5: Hamiltonian Methods for Accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_6_compressed.pdf|Lecture 6: Matrix function, Sylvester formulae]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_7_compressed.pdf|Lecture 7: Matrices of arbitrary accelerator elements]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_8_compressed.pdf|Lecture 8: How to build a magnet]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_9_compressed.pdf|Lecture 9: Linear accelerators and RF systems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_10_compressed.pdf|Lecture 10: Periodic systems: stability and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_11_compressed.pdf|Lecture 11: Full 3D linearized motion in accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_12_compressed.pdf|Lecture 12: Synchrotron oscillations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_13_compressed.pdf|Lecture 13: Action and phase variables]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_14_15_compressed.pdf|Lectures 14 & 15: Solving standard accelerator problems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_16_compressed.pdf|Lecture 16: Effects of synchrotron radiation]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_17_compressed.pdf|Lecture 17: Fokker-Plank and Vlasov equations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_18_19_compressed.pdf|Lectures 18 & 19: Eigen beam emittances and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_20_2020.pdf|Lecture 20: Collective Effects I: Wakefield and Impedances]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_21_2020.pdf|Lecture 21: Collective Effects II: Examples of Collective Instabilities]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_22_2020.pdf|Lecture 22: Free Electron Lasers: Introduction and Small Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_23_2020.pdf|Lecture 23: Free Electron Lasers: Free Electron Lasers: High Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_24_2020.pdf|Lecture 24: Hadron Beam Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_25_2020.pdf|Lecture 25: Nonlinear dynamics: Part I, Chromaticity and its correction]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_26_2020.pdf|Lecture 26: Nonlinear dynamics: Part II, Nonlinear resonances]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_2020.pdf|Lecture 27: Nonlinear dynamics: Part III, Normalization of maps]], by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam, December 16'''
*'''Part 1: Lead Prof. Jing'''
*'''3:00 pm Xiangdong Li, Free electron lasers'''
*'''3:30 pm Jiayang Yan, Laser-Plasma Accelerators'''
*'''4:00 pm Nikhil Bachhawat, e+e- colliders'''
*'''Part 2: Lead Prof. Wang'''
*'''4:45 pm Kristina Finnelli - Industrial applications of accelerators'''
*'''5:15 pm Nikhil Kumar - Medical application of accelerators'''
*'''5:45 pm Ian Schwartz - Accelerators in Food Processing'''

*'''Additional Material'''
*'''[[media:Lorentz_Group.pdf|Lorentz Group]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Special_relativity_intro.pdf|Special Relativity intro]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Proof_detM_is_1.pdf|Proof: determinant of a symplectic matrix is 1]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:Differential_operators_compressed.pdf |Differential operators in curvelinear coordinate systems ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Hamiltonian_expansion.pdf |Accelerator Hamiltonian expansion]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Appendix_F.pdf|Solution of inhomogeneous equation ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Extra_RF_and_SRF_accelerators.pdf|Extra material - RF and SRF accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Derive_Saldin_chap_2_1.pdf|Derivation of FEL Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:SC_test.pdf|Matlab script to test concept of Stochastic Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_F2017.pdf|Lecture: Colliders]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Home Works==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_6.pdf|HW6]] Due September 23 [[media:Homework_6_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_7.pdf|HW7]] Due September 28 [[media:Homework_7_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_8_2020.pdf|HW8]] Due September 30 [[media:Homework_8_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_9.pdf|HW9]] Due October 7 [[media:Homework_9_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_10.pdf|HW10]] Due October 12 [[media:Homework_10_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_11.pdf|HW11]] Due October 14 [[media:Homework_11_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_12_2020.pdf|HW12 - STAR problem]] Due October 19 [[media:Homework_12_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_13_2020.pdf|HW13 - STAR problem]] Due October 21 [[media:Homework_13_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_14_2020.pdf|HW14]] Due October 26 [[media:Homework_14_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_15_2020.pdf|HW15]] Due October 28 [[media:Homework_15_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_16_2020.pdf|HW16]] Due November 2 [[media:Homework_16_2020_Solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_17_2020.pdf|HW17]] Due November 4 [[media:Homework_17_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_18_2020.pdf|HW18]] Due November 11 [[media:Homework_18_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_19_2020.pdf|HW19]] Due November 16 [[media:Homework_19_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_20_2020.pdf|HW20]] Due November 18 [[media:Homework_20_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_21_2020.pdf|HW21]] Due November 23 [[media:Homework_21_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]

== Recitation sessions==
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:05:26Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Learning Goals */

<center>
<table width=40% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
*Lecture notes presented after each class should be used as the main text. Presently there is no textbook, which covers the material of this course.
*''H. Wiedemann, "Particle Accelerator Physics" Springer, 2007''
*'' S. Y. Lee, "Accelerator Physics”, World Scientific, 2011''
*''L.D. Landau, Classical theory of fields''

==Course Description==

*Relativistic mechanics and E&D. Linear algebra.
*:This will be a brief but complete rehash of relativistic mechanics, E&M and linear algebra material required for this course.
*N-dimensional phase space, Canonical transformations, simplecticity, invariants
*:Canonical transformations and related to it simplecticity of the phase space are important part of beam dynamics in accelerators. We will consider connections between them as well as derive all Poincare invariants (including Liouville theorem). We will use a case of a coupled N-dimensional linear oscillator system for transforming to the action and phase variables. We finish with adiabatic invariants.
*Relativistic beams, Reference orbit and Accelerator Hamiltonian
*:We will use least action principle to derive the most general form of accelerator Hamiltonian using curvilinear coordinate system related to the beam trajectory (orbit).
*Linear beam dynamics
*:This part of the course will be dedicated to detailed description of linear dynamics of particles in accelerators. You will learn about particles motion in oscillator potential with time- dependent rigidity. You will learn how to calculate matrices of arbitrary element in accelerators. We will use eigen vectors and eigen number to parameterize the particles motion and describe its stability in circular accelerators. Here you find a number of analogies with planetary motion, including oscillation of Earth’s moon. You will learn some “standards” of the accelerator physics – betatron tunes and beta-function and their importance in circular accelerators.
*Longitudinal beam dynamics
*:Here you will learn about one important approximation widely used in accelerator physics – “slow” longitudinal oscillations, which are have a lot of similarity with pendulum motion. If you were ever wondering why Saturn rings do not collapse into one large ball of rock under gravitational attraction – this where you will learn of the effect so-called negative mass in longitudinal motion of particles when attraction of the particles cause their separation.
*Invariants of motion, Canonical transforms to the action and phase variables, emittance of the beam, perturbation methods, perturbative non-linear effects
*:In this part of the course we will remove “regular and boring” oscillatory part of the particle’s motion and focus on how to include weak linear and nonlinear perturbations to the particles motion. We will solve a number of standard accelerator problems: perturbed orbit, effects of focusing errors, “weak effects” such as synchrotron radiation, resonant Hamiltonian, etc. We will re-introduce Poincare diagrams for illustration of the resonances. You will learn how non- linear resonances may affect stability of the particles and about their location on the tune diagram. You will learn about chromatic (energy dependent) effects, use of non-linear elements to compensate them, and about problems created by introducing them.
*Non-linear effects, Lie algebras and symplectic maps
*:This part of the course will open you the door into and complex nonlinear beam dynamics. We will introduce you to non-perturbative nonlinear dynamics and fascinating world of non-linear maps, Lie algebras and Lie operators. These are the main tools in the modern non-linear beam dynamics. You will learn about dynamic aperture of accelerators as well as how our modern tools are similar to those used in celestial mechanics.
*Vlasov and Fokker-Plank equations
*:This part of the course is dedicated to the developing of tools necessary for studies of collective effects in accelerators. We will introduce distribution function of the particles and its evolution equations: one following conservation of Poincare invariants and the other including stochastic processes.
*Radiation effects
*:You will learn how to use the tools we had developed in previous lectures (both the perturbation methods and Fokker-Plank equation) to evaluate effect of synchrotron radiation on the particle’s motion in accelerator. You will see how the effect of radiation damping and quantum excitation lead to formation of equilibrium Gaussian distribution of the particles.
*Collective phenomena
*:Intense beam of charged particles excite E&M fields when propagate through accelerator structures. These fields, in return, act on the particles and can cause variety of instabilities. Some of these instabilities – such as a free-electron lasers (FEL) – can be very useful as powerful coherent X-rays sources. Others (and they are majority) do impose limits on the beam intensities or limit available range of the beam parameters. You will learn techniques involved in studies of collective effects and will use them for some of instabilities, including FEL. The second part of the collective effect will focus on how we can cool hadron beams, which do not have natural cooling.
*Spin dynamics
*:Many particles used in accelerators have spin. Beams of such particles with preferred orientation of their spins called polarized. Large number of high energy physics experiments using colliders strongly benefit from colliding polarized beams. You will learn the main aspects of the spin dynamics in the accelerators and about various ways to keep beam polarized. One more “tunes” to worry about - spin tune.
*Accelerator application
*:We will finish the course with a brief discussion of accelerator application, among which are accelerators for nuclear and particle physics, X-ray light sources, accelerators for medical uses, etc. You will also learn about future accelerators at the energy and intensity frontiers as well as about new methods of particle acceleration.

==Grades==
There will be a substantial number of problems. Most of them are aiming for better understanding of material covered during classes. The final grade will be based on:
*Homework assignments - 40% of the grade
*Presentation of a research topic - 40% of the grade
*Class Participation - 20% of the grade

==The Rules==
* You may collaborate with your classmates on the homework's if you are contributing to the solution. You must '''personally write up the solution of all problems'''. It would be appropriate and honorable to acknowledge your collaborators by mentioning their names. These acknowledgments will not affect your grades.
* We will greatly appreciate your homeworks being readable. Few explanatory words between equations will save us a lot of time while checking and grading your home-works. Nevertheless, your writing style will not affect your grades.
* Do not forget that simply copying somebody's solutions does not help you and in a long run we will identify it. If we find two or more identical homeworks, they all will get reduced grades. You may ask more advanced students, other faculty, friends, etc. for help or clues, as long as you personally contribute to the solution.
* You may (and are encouraged to) use the library and all available resources to help solve the problems. Use of Mathematica, other software tools and spreadsheets are encouraged. Cite your source, if you found the solution somewhere.
* You should return homework '''before the deadline'''. Homework returned after the deadline could be accepted with reduced grading - 15% per day. Otherwise, it will be unfair for your classmates who are doing their job on time. Therefore, you should be on time to keep your grade high. Exceptions are exceptions and do not count on them (if your dog eats your homework on a regular basis - feed it with something healthy, eating homework is bad for your pet and for you grade).

==Presentation on a Research Project==
* '''This presentation will be in place of the final exam'''. You will pick an accelerator project of your interest from a list provided by the instructors. We allow presentations on papers directly related to your research if they are linked to accelerator physics, but you will have to get it approved by the instructors. The presentations will be in a PowerPoint or equivalent a form.
*We will grade your presentations on: adequate understanding (good physics), adequate preparation (clear way of presentation, Visual Aids - pictures and figures), adequate references (where you find materials).
* The research project should be fun and we encourage you to choose an original topic and an original way of presentation. Nevertheless, any topic prepared and presented properly will have high grade.
*''' [[media:Projects_for_PHY_564.pdf ‎|Suggested topics for Projects]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Lecture Notes==

*'''[[media:PHY564_Lectures_1&2_compressed.pdf|Lectures 1 and 2: Least Action Principle, Geometry of Special Relativity, Particles in E&M fields]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_3_2020.pdf|Lecture 3: Linear Algebra]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_4_compressed.pdf|Lecture 4: Accelerator Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_5_compressed.pdf|Lecture 5: Hamiltonian Methods for Accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_6_compressed.pdf|Lecture 6: Matrix function, Sylvester formulae]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_7_compressed.pdf|Lecture 7: Matrices of arbitrary accelerator elements]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_8_compressed.pdf|Lecture 8: How to build a magnet]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_9_compressed.pdf|Lecture 9: Linear accelerators and RF systems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_10_compressed.pdf|Lecture 10: Periodic systems: stability and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_11_compressed.pdf|Lecture 11: Full 3D linearized motion in accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_12_compressed.pdf|Lecture 12: Synchrotron oscillations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_13_compressed.pdf|Lecture 13: Action and phase variables]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_14_15_compressed.pdf|Lectures 14 & 15: Solving standard accelerator problems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_16_compressed.pdf|Lecture 16: Effects of synchrotron radiation]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_17_compressed.pdf|Lecture 17: Fokker-Plank and Vlasov equations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_18_19_compressed.pdf|Lectures 18 & 19: Eigen beam emittances and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_20_2020.pdf|Lecture 20: Collective Effects I: Wakefield and Impedances]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_21_2020.pdf|Lecture 21: Collective Effects II: Examples of Collective Instabilities]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_22_2020.pdf|Lecture 22: Free Electron Lasers: Introduction and Small Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_23_2020.pdf|Lecture 23: Free Electron Lasers: Free Electron Lasers: High Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_24_2020.pdf|Lecture 24: Hadron Beam Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_25_2020.pdf|Lecture 25: Nonlinear dynamics: Part I, Chromaticity and its correction]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_26_2020.pdf|Lecture 26: Nonlinear dynamics: Part II, Nonlinear resonances]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_2020.pdf|Lecture 27: Nonlinear dynamics: Part III, Normalization of maps]], by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam, December 16'''
*'''Part 1: Lead Prof. Jing'''
*'''3:00 pm Xiangdong Li, Free electron lasers'''
*'''3:30 pm Jiayang Yan, Laser-Plasma Accelerators'''
*'''4:00 pm Nikhil Bachhawat, e+e- colliders'''
*'''Part 2: Lead Prof. Wang'''
*'''4:45 pm Kristina Finnelli - Industrial applications of accelerators'''
*'''5:15 pm Nikhil Kumar - Medical application of accelerators'''
*'''5:45 pm Ian Schwartz - Accelerators in Food Processing'''

*'''Additional Material'''
*'''[[media:Lorentz_Group.pdf|Lorentz Group]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Special_relativity_intro.pdf|Special Relativity intro]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Proof_detM_is_1.pdf|Proof: determinant of a symplectic matrix is 1]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:Differential_operators_compressed.pdf |Differential operators in curvelinear coordinate systems ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Hamiltonian_expansion.pdf |Accelerator Hamiltonian expansion]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Appendix_F.pdf|Solution of inhomogeneous equation ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Extra_RF_and_SRF_accelerators.pdf|Extra material - RF and SRF accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Derive_Saldin_chap_2_1.pdf|Derivation of FEL Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:SC_test.pdf|Matlab script to test concept of Stochastic Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_F2017.pdf|Lecture: Colliders]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Home Works==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_6.pdf|HW6]] Due September 23 [[media:Homework_6_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_7.pdf|HW7]] Due September 28 [[media:Homework_7_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_8_2020.pdf|HW8]] Due September 30 [[media:Homework_8_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_9.pdf|HW9]] Due October 7 [[media:Homework_9_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_10.pdf|HW10]] Due October 12 [[media:Homework_10_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_11.pdf|HW11]] Due October 14 [[media:Homework_11_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_12_2020.pdf|HW12 - STAR problem]] Due October 19 [[media:Homework_12_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_13_2020.pdf|HW13 - STAR problem]] Due October 21 [[media:Homework_13_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_14_2020.pdf|HW14]] Due October 26 [[media:Homework_14_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_15_2020.pdf|HW15]] Due October 28 [[media:Homework_15_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_16_2020.pdf|HW16]] Due November 2 [[media:Homework_16_2020_Solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_17_2020.pdf|HW17]] Due November 4 [[media:Homework_17_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_18_2020.pdf|HW18]] Due November 11 [[media:Homework_18_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_19_2020.pdf|HW19]] Due November 16 [[media:Homework_19_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_20_2020.pdf|HW20]] Due November 18 [[media:Homework_20_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_21_2020.pdf|HW21]] Due November 23 [[media:Homework_21_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]

== Recitation sessions==
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:04:46Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Course Overview */

<center>
<table width=40% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Students who have completed this course should:
* Have a full understanding of transverse and longitudinal particles dynamics in accelerators
* Being capable of solving problems arising in modern accelerator theory
* Understand modern methods in accelerator physics
* Being capable to fully understand modern accelerator literature

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
*Lecture notes presented after each class should be used as the main text. Presently there is no textbook, which covers the material of this course.
*''H. Wiedemann, "Particle Accelerator Physics" Springer, 2007''
*'' S. Y. Lee, "Accelerator Physics”, World Scientific, 2011''
*''L.D. Landau, Classical theory of fields''

==Course Description==

*Relativistic mechanics and E&D. Linear algebra.
*:This will be a brief but complete rehash of relativistic mechanics, E&M and linear algebra material required for this course.
*N-dimensional phase space, Canonical transformations, simplecticity, invariants
*:Canonical transformations and related to it simplecticity of the phase space are important part of beam dynamics in accelerators. We will consider connections between them as well as derive all Poincare invariants (including Liouville theorem). We will use a case of a coupled N-dimensional linear oscillator system for transforming to the action and phase variables. We finish with adiabatic invariants.
*Relativistic beams, Reference orbit and Accelerator Hamiltonian
*:We will use least action principle to derive the most general form of accelerator Hamiltonian using curvilinear coordinate system related to the beam trajectory (orbit).
*Linear beam dynamics
*:This part of the course will be dedicated to detailed description of linear dynamics of particles in accelerators. You will learn about particles motion in oscillator potential with time- dependent rigidity. You will learn how to calculate matrices of arbitrary element in accelerators. We will use eigen vectors and eigen number to parameterize the particles motion and describe its stability in circular accelerators. Here you find a number of analogies with planetary motion, including oscillation of Earth’s moon. You will learn some “standards” of the accelerator physics – betatron tunes and beta-function and their importance in circular accelerators.
*Longitudinal beam dynamics
*:Here you will learn about one important approximation widely used in accelerator physics – “slow” longitudinal oscillations, which are have a lot of similarity with pendulum motion. If you were ever wondering why Saturn rings do not collapse into one large ball of rock under gravitational attraction – this where you will learn of the effect so-called negative mass in longitudinal motion of particles when attraction of the particles cause their separation.
*Invariants of motion, Canonical transforms to the action and phase variables, emittance of the beam, perturbation methods, perturbative non-linear effects
*:In this part of the course we will remove “regular and boring” oscillatory part of the particle’s motion and focus on how to include weak linear and nonlinear perturbations to the particles motion. We will solve a number of standard accelerator problems: perturbed orbit, effects of focusing errors, “weak effects” such as synchrotron radiation, resonant Hamiltonian, etc. We will re-introduce Poincare diagrams for illustration of the resonances. You will learn how non- linear resonances may affect stability of the particles and about their location on the tune diagram. You will learn about chromatic (energy dependent) effects, use of non-linear elements to compensate them, and about problems created by introducing them.
*Non-linear effects, Lie algebras and symplectic maps
*:This part of the course will open you the door into and complex nonlinear beam dynamics. We will introduce you to non-perturbative nonlinear dynamics and fascinating world of non-linear maps, Lie algebras and Lie operators. These are the main tools in the modern non-linear beam dynamics. You will learn about dynamic aperture of accelerators as well as how our modern tools are similar to those used in celestial mechanics.
*Vlasov and Fokker-Plank equations
*:This part of the course is dedicated to the developing of tools necessary for studies of collective effects in accelerators. We will introduce distribution function of the particles and its evolution equations: one following conservation of Poincare invariants and the other including stochastic processes.
*Radiation effects
*:You will learn how to use the tools we had developed in previous lectures (both the perturbation methods and Fokker-Plank equation) to evaluate effect of synchrotron radiation on the particle’s motion in accelerator. You will see how the effect of radiation damping and quantum excitation lead to formation of equilibrium Gaussian distribution of the particles.
*Collective phenomena
*:Intense beam of charged particles excite E&M fields when propagate through accelerator structures. These fields, in return, act on the particles and can cause variety of instabilities. Some of these instabilities – such as a free-electron lasers (FEL) – can be very useful as powerful coherent X-rays sources. Others (and they are majority) do impose limits on the beam intensities or limit available range of the beam parameters. You will learn techniques involved in studies of collective effects and will use them for some of instabilities, including FEL. The second part of the collective effect will focus on how we can cool hadron beams, which do not have natural cooling.
*Spin dynamics
*:Many particles used in accelerators have spin. Beams of such particles with preferred orientation of their spins called polarized. Large number of high energy physics experiments using colliders strongly benefit from colliding polarized beams. You will learn the main aspects of the spin dynamics in the accelerators and about various ways to keep beam polarized. One more “tunes” to worry about - spin tune.
*Accelerator application
*:We will finish the course with a brief discussion of accelerator application, among which are accelerators for nuclear and particle physics, X-ray light sources, accelerators for medical uses, etc. You will also learn about future accelerators at the energy and intensity frontiers as well as about new methods of particle acceleration.

==Grades==
There will be a substantial number of problems. Most of them are aiming for better understanding of material covered during classes. The final grade will be based on:
*Homework assignments - 40% of the grade
*Presentation of a research topic - 40% of the grade
*Class Participation - 20% of the grade

==The Rules==
* You may collaborate with your classmates on the homework's if you are contributing to the solution. You must '''personally write up the solution of all problems'''. It would be appropriate and honorable to acknowledge your collaborators by mentioning their names. These acknowledgments will not affect your grades.
* We will greatly appreciate your homeworks being readable. Few explanatory words between equations will save us a lot of time while checking and grading your home-works. Nevertheless, your writing style will not affect your grades.
* Do not forget that simply copying somebody's solutions does not help you and in a long run we will identify it. If we find two or more identical homeworks, they all will get reduced grades. You may ask more advanced students, other faculty, friends, etc. for help or clues, as long as you personally contribute to the solution.
* You may (and are encouraged to) use the library and all available resources to help solve the problems. Use of Mathematica, other software tools and spreadsheets are encouraged. Cite your source, if you found the solution somewhere.
* You should return homework '''before the deadline'''. Homework returned after the deadline could be accepted with reduced grading - 15% per day. Otherwise, it will be unfair for your classmates who are doing their job on time. Therefore, you should be on time to keep your grade high. Exceptions are exceptions and do not count on them (if your dog eats your homework on a regular basis - feed it with something healthy, eating homework is bad for your pet and for you grade).

==Presentation on a Research Project==
* '''This presentation will be in place of the final exam'''. You will pick an accelerator project of your interest from a list provided by the instructors. We allow presentations on papers directly related to your research if they are linked to accelerator physics, but you will have to get it approved by the instructors. The presentations will be in a PowerPoint or equivalent a form.
*We will grade your presentations on: adequate understanding (good physics), adequate preparation (clear way of presentation, Visual Aids - pictures and figures), adequate references (where you find materials).
* The research project should be fun and we encourage you to choose an original topic and an original way of presentation. Nevertheless, any topic prepared and presented properly will have high grade.
*''' [[media:Projects_for_PHY_564.pdf ‎|Suggested topics for Projects]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Lecture Notes==

*'''[[media:PHY564_Lectures_1&2_compressed.pdf|Lectures 1 and 2: Least Action Principle, Geometry of Special Relativity, Particles in E&M fields]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_3_2020.pdf|Lecture 3: Linear Algebra]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_4_compressed.pdf|Lecture 4: Accelerator Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_5_compressed.pdf|Lecture 5: Hamiltonian Methods for Accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_6_compressed.pdf|Lecture 6: Matrix function, Sylvester formulae]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_7_compressed.pdf|Lecture 7: Matrices of arbitrary accelerator elements]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_8_compressed.pdf|Lecture 8: How to build a magnet]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_9_compressed.pdf|Lecture 9: Linear accelerators and RF systems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_10_compressed.pdf|Lecture 10: Periodic systems: stability and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_11_compressed.pdf|Lecture 11: Full 3D linearized motion in accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_12_compressed.pdf|Lecture 12: Synchrotron oscillations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_13_compressed.pdf|Lecture 13: Action and phase variables]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_14_15_compressed.pdf|Lectures 14 & 15: Solving standard accelerator problems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_16_compressed.pdf|Lecture 16: Effects of synchrotron radiation]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_17_compressed.pdf|Lecture 17: Fokker-Plank and Vlasov equations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_18_19_compressed.pdf|Lectures 18 & 19: Eigen beam emittances and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_20_2020.pdf|Lecture 20: Collective Effects I: Wakefield and Impedances]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_21_2020.pdf|Lecture 21: Collective Effects II: Examples of Collective Instabilities]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_22_2020.pdf|Lecture 22: Free Electron Lasers: Introduction and Small Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_23_2020.pdf|Lecture 23: Free Electron Lasers: Free Electron Lasers: High Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_24_2020.pdf|Lecture 24: Hadron Beam Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_25_2020.pdf|Lecture 25: Nonlinear dynamics: Part I, Chromaticity and its correction]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_26_2020.pdf|Lecture 26: Nonlinear dynamics: Part II, Nonlinear resonances]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_2020.pdf|Lecture 27: Nonlinear dynamics: Part III, Normalization of maps]], by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam, December 16'''
*'''Part 1: Lead Prof. Jing'''
*'''3:00 pm Xiangdong Li, Free electron lasers'''
*'''3:30 pm Jiayang Yan, Laser-Plasma Accelerators'''
*'''4:00 pm Nikhil Bachhawat, e+e- colliders'''
*'''Part 2: Lead Prof. Wang'''
*'''4:45 pm Kristina Finnelli - Industrial applications of accelerators'''
*'''5:15 pm Nikhil Kumar - Medical application of accelerators'''
*'''5:45 pm Ian Schwartz - Accelerators in Food Processing'''

*'''Additional Material'''
*'''[[media:Lorentz_Group.pdf|Lorentz Group]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Special_relativity_intro.pdf|Special Relativity intro]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Proof_detM_is_1.pdf|Proof: determinant of a symplectic matrix is 1]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:Differential_operators_compressed.pdf |Differential operators in curvelinear coordinate systems ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Hamiltonian_expansion.pdf |Accelerator Hamiltonian expansion]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Appendix_F.pdf|Solution of inhomogeneous equation ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Extra_RF_and_SRF_accelerators.pdf|Extra material - RF and SRF accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Derive_Saldin_chap_2_1.pdf|Derivation of FEL Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:SC_test.pdf|Matlab script to test concept of Stochastic Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_F2017.pdf|Lecture: Colliders]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Home Works==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_6.pdf|HW6]] Due September 23 [[media:Homework_6_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_7.pdf|HW7]] Due September 28 [[media:Homework_7_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_8_2020.pdf|HW8]] Due September 30 [[media:Homework_8_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_9.pdf|HW9]] Due October 7 [[media:Homework_9_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_10.pdf|HW10]] Due October 12 [[media:Homework_10_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_11.pdf|HW11]] Due October 14 [[media:Homework_11_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_12_2020.pdf|HW12 - STAR problem]] Due October 19 [[media:Homework_12_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_13_2020.pdf|HW13 - STAR problem]] Due October 21 [[media:Homework_13_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_14_2020.pdf|HW14]] Due October 26 [[media:Homework_14_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_15_2020.pdf|HW15]] Due October 28 [[media:Homework_15_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_16_2020.pdf|HW16]] Due November 2 [[media:Homework_16_2020_Solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_17_2020.pdf|HW17]] Due November 4 [[media:Homework_17_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_18_2020.pdf|HW18]] Due November 11 [[media:Homework_18_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_19_2020.pdf|HW19]] Due November 16 [[media:Homework_19_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_20_2020.pdf|HW20]] Due November 18 [[media:Homework_20_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_21_2020.pdf|HW21]] Due November 23 [[media:Homework_21_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]

== Recitation sessions==
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:03:54Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Course Content */

<center>
<table width=40% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course will address both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It will cover fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
* Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
* Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.

==Learning Goals==
Students who have completed this course should:
* Have a full understanding of transverse and longitudinal particles dynamics in accelerators
* Being capable of solving problems arising in modern accelerator theory
* Understand modern methods in accelerator physics
* Being capable to fully understand modern accelerator literature

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
*Lecture notes presented after each class should be used as the main text. Presently there is no textbook, which covers the material of this course.
*''H. Wiedemann, "Particle Accelerator Physics" Springer, 2007''
*'' S. Y. Lee, "Accelerator Physics”, World Scientific, 2011''
*''L.D. Landau, Classical theory of fields''

==Course Description==

*Relativistic mechanics and E&D. Linear algebra.
*:This will be a brief but complete rehash of relativistic mechanics, E&M and linear algebra material required for this course.
*N-dimensional phase space, Canonical transformations, simplecticity, invariants
*:Canonical transformations and related to it simplecticity of the phase space are important part of beam dynamics in accelerators. We will consider connections between them as well as derive all Poincare invariants (including Liouville theorem). We will use a case of a coupled N-dimensional linear oscillator system for transforming to the action and phase variables. We finish with adiabatic invariants.
*Relativistic beams, Reference orbit and Accelerator Hamiltonian
*:We will use least action principle to derive the most general form of accelerator Hamiltonian using curvilinear coordinate system related to the beam trajectory (orbit).
*Linear beam dynamics
*:This part of the course will be dedicated to detailed description of linear dynamics of particles in accelerators. You will learn about particles motion in oscillator potential with time- dependent rigidity. You will learn how to calculate matrices of arbitrary element in accelerators. We will use eigen vectors and eigen number to parameterize the particles motion and describe its stability in circular accelerators. Here you find a number of analogies with planetary motion, including oscillation of Earth’s moon. You will learn some “standards” of the accelerator physics – betatron tunes and beta-function and their importance in circular accelerators.
*Longitudinal beam dynamics
*:Here you will learn about one important approximation widely used in accelerator physics – “slow” longitudinal oscillations, which are have a lot of similarity with pendulum motion. If you were ever wondering why Saturn rings do not collapse into one large ball of rock under gravitational attraction – this where you will learn of the effect so-called negative mass in longitudinal motion of particles when attraction of the particles cause their separation.
*Invariants of motion, Canonical transforms to the action and phase variables, emittance of the beam, perturbation methods, perturbative non-linear effects
*:In this part of the course we will remove “regular and boring” oscillatory part of the particle’s motion and focus on how to include weak linear and nonlinear perturbations to the particles motion. We will solve a number of standard accelerator problems: perturbed orbit, effects of focusing errors, “weak effects” such as synchrotron radiation, resonant Hamiltonian, etc. We will re-introduce Poincare diagrams for illustration of the resonances. You will learn how non- linear resonances may affect stability of the particles and about their location on the tune diagram. You will learn about chromatic (energy dependent) effects, use of non-linear elements to compensate them, and about problems created by introducing them.
*Non-linear effects, Lie algebras and symplectic maps
*:This part of the course will open you the door into and complex nonlinear beam dynamics. We will introduce you to non-perturbative nonlinear dynamics and fascinating world of non-linear maps, Lie algebras and Lie operators. These are the main tools in the modern non-linear beam dynamics. You will learn about dynamic aperture of accelerators as well as how our modern tools are similar to those used in celestial mechanics.
*Vlasov and Fokker-Plank equations
*:This part of the course is dedicated to the developing of tools necessary for studies of collective effects in accelerators. We will introduce distribution function of the particles and its evolution equations: one following conservation of Poincare invariants and the other including stochastic processes.
*Radiation effects
*:You will learn how to use the tools we had developed in previous lectures (both the perturbation methods and Fokker-Plank equation) to evaluate effect of synchrotron radiation on the particle’s motion in accelerator. You will see how the effect of radiation damping and quantum excitation lead to formation of equilibrium Gaussian distribution of the particles.
*Collective phenomena
*:Intense beam of charged particles excite E&M fields when propagate through accelerator structures. These fields, in return, act on the particles and can cause variety of instabilities. Some of these instabilities – such as a free-electron lasers (FEL) – can be very useful as powerful coherent X-rays sources. Others (and they are majority) do impose limits on the beam intensities or limit available range of the beam parameters. You will learn techniques involved in studies of collective effects and will use them for some of instabilities, including FEL. The second part of the collective effect will focus on how we can cool hadron beams, which do not have natural cooling.
*Spin dynamics
*:Many particles used in accelerators have spin. Beams of such particles with preferred orientation of their spins called polarized. Large number of high energy physics experiments using colliders strongly benefit from colliding polarized beams. You will learn the main aspects of the spin dynamics in the accelerators and about various ways to keep beam polarized. One more “tunes” to worry about - spin tune.
*Accelerator application
*:We will finish the course with a brief discussion of accelerator application, among which are accelerators for nuclear and particle physics, X-ray light sources, accelerators for medical uses, etc. You will also learn about future accelerators at the energy and intensity frontiers as well as about new methods of particle acceleration.

==Grades==
There will be a substantial number of problems. Most of them are aiming for better understanding of material covered during classes. The final grade will be based on:
*Homework assignments - 40% of the grade
*Presentation of a research topic - 40% of the grade
*Class Participation - 20% of the grade

==The Rules==
* You may collaborate with your classmates on the homework's if you are contributing to the solution. You must '''personally write up the solution of all problems'''. It would be appropriate and honorable to acknowledge your collaborators by mentioning their names. These acknowledgments will not affect your grades.
* We will greatly appreciate your homeworks being readable. Few explanatory words between equations will save us a lot of time while checking and grading your home-works. Nevertheless, your writing style will not affect your grades.
* Do not forget that simply copying somebody's solutions does not help you and in a long run we will identify it. If we find two or more identical homeworks, they all will get reduced grades. You may ask more advanced students, other faculty, friends, etc. for help or clues, as long as you personally contribute to the solution.
* You may (and are encouraged to) use the library and all available resources to help solve the problems. Use of Mathematica, other software tools and spreadsheets are encouraged. Cite your source, if you found the solution somewhere.
* You should return homework '''before the deadline'''. Homework returned after the deadline could be accepted with reduced grading - 15% per day. Otherwise, it will be unfair for your classmates who are doing their job on time. Therefore, you should be on time to keep your grade high. Exceptions are exceptions and do not count on them (if your dog eats your homework on a regular basis - feed it with something healthy, eating homework is bad for your pet and for you grade).

==Presentation on a Research Project==
* '''This presentation will be in place of the final exam'''. You will pick an accelerator project of your interest from a list provided by the instructors. We allow presentations on papers directly related to your research if they are linked to accelerator physics, but you will have to get it approved by the instructors. The presentations will be in a PowerPoint or equivalent a form.
*We will grade your presentations on: adequate understanding (good physics), adequate preparation (clear way of presentation, Visual Aids - pictures and figures), adequate references (where you find materials).
* The research project should be fun and we encourage you to choose an original topic and an original way of presentation. Nevertheless, any topic prepared and presented properly will have high grade.
*''' [[media:Projects_for_PHY_564.pdf ‎|Suggested topics for Projects]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Lecture Notes==

*'''[[media:PHY564_Lectures_1&2_compressed.pdf|Lectures 1 and 2: Least Action Principle, Geometry of Special Relativity, Particles in E&M fields]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_3_2020.pdf|Lecture 3: Linear Algebra]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_4_compressed.pdf|Lecture 4: Accelerator Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_5_compressed.pdf|Lecture 5: Hamiltonian Methods for Accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_6_compressed.pdf|Lecture 6: Matrix function, Sylvester formulae]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_7_compressed.pdf|Lecture 7: Matrices of arbitrary accelerator elements]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_8_compressed.pdf|Lecture 8: How to build a magnet]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_9_compressed.pdf|Lecture 9: Linear accelerators and RF systems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_10_compressed.pdf|Lecture 10: Periodic systems: stability and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_11_compressed.pdf|Lecture 11: Full 3D linearized motion in accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_12_compressed.pdf|Lecture 12: Synchrotron oscillations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_13_compressed.pdf|Lecture 13: Action and phase variables]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_14_15_compressed.pdf|Lectures 14 & 15: Solving standard accelerator problems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_16_compressed.pdf|Lecture 16: Effects of synchrotron radiation]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_17_compressed.pdf|Lecture 17: Fokker-Plank and Vlasov equations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_18_19_compressed.pdf|Lectures 18 & 19: Eigen beam emittances and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_20_2020.pdf|Lecture 20: Collective Effects I: Wakefield and Impedances]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_21_2020.pdf|Lecture 21: Collective Effects II: Examples of Collective Instabilities]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_22_2020.pdf|Lecture 22: Free Electron Lasers: Introduction and Small Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_23_2020.pdf|Lecture 23: Free Electron Lasers: Free Electron Lasers: High Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_24_2020.pdf|Lecture 24: Hadron Beam Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_25_2020.pdf|Lecture 25: Nonlinear dynamics: Part I, Chromaticity and its correction]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_26_2020.pdf|Lecture 26: Nonlinear dynamics: Part II, Nonlinear resonances]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_2020.pdf|Lecture 27: Nonlinear dynamics: Part III, Normalization of maps]], by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam, December 16'''
*'''Part 1: Lead Prof. Jing'''
*'''3:00 pm Xiangdong Li, Free electron lasers'''
*'''3:30 pm Jiayang Yan, Laser-Plasma Accelerators'''
*'''4:00 pm Nikhil Bachhawat, e+e- colliders'''
*'''Part 2: Lead Prof. Wang'''
*'''4:45 pm Kristina Finnelli - Industrial applications of accelerators'''
*'''5:15 pm Nikhil Kumar - Medical application of accelerators'''
*'''5:45 pm Ian Schwartz - Accelerators in Food Processing'''

*'''Additional Material'''
*'''[[media:Lorentz_Group.pdf|Lorentz Group]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Special_relativity_intro.pdf|Special Relativity intro]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Proof_detM_is_1.pdf|Proof: determinant of a symplectic matrix is 1]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:Differential_operators_compressed.pdf |Differential operators in curvelinear coordinate systems ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Hamiltonian_expansion.pdf |Accelerator Hamiltonian expansion]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Appendix_F.pdf|Solution of inhomogeneous equation ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Extra_RF_and_SRF_accelerators.pdf|Extra material - RF and SRF accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Derive_Saldin_chap_2_1.pdf|Derivation of FEL Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:SC_test.pdf|Matlab script to test concept of Stochastic Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_F2017.pdf|Lecture: Colliders]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Home Works==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_6.pdf|HW6]] Due September 23 [[media:Homework_6_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_7.pdf|HW7]] Due September 28 [[media:Homework_7_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_8_2020.pdf|HW8]] Due September 30 [[media:Homework_8_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_9.pdf|HW9]] Due October 7 [[media:Homework_9_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_10.pdf|HW10]] Due October 12 [[media:Homework_10_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_11.pdf|HW11]] Due October 14 [[media:Homework_11_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_12_2020.pdf|HW12 - STAR problem]] Due October 19 [[media:Homework_12_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_13_2020.pdf|HW13 - STAR problem]] Due October 21 [[media:Homework_13_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_14_2020.pdf|HW14]] Due October 26 [[media:Homework_14_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_15_2020.pdf|HW15]] Due October 28 [[media:Homework_15_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_16_2020.pdf|HW16]] Due November 2 [[media:Homework_16_2020_Solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_17_2020.pdf|HW17]] Due November 4 [[media:Homework_17_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_18_2020.pdf|HW18]] Due November 11 [[media:Homework_18_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_19_2020.pdf|HW19]] Due November 16 [[media:Homework_19_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_20_2020.pdf|HW20]] Due November 18 [[media:Homework_20_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_21_2020.pdf|HW21]] Due November 23 [[media:Homework_21_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]

== Recitation sessions==
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T21:00:52Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* Course Overview */

<center>
<table width=40% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

==Course Overview==
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course will address both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It will cover fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.

==Course Content==
* Principle of least actions, relativistic mechanics and E&D, 4D notations
* N-dimensional phase space, Canonical transformations, simplecticity and invariants of motion
* Relativistic beams, Reference orbit and Accelerator Hamiltonian
* Parameterization of linear motion in accelerators, Transport matrices, matrix functions, Sylvester's formula, stability of the motion
* Invariants of motion, Canonical transforms to the action and phase variables, emittance of the beam, perturbation methods. Poincare diagrams
* Standard problems in accelerators: closed orbit, excitation of oscillations, radiation damping and quantum excitation, natural emittance
* Non-linear effects, Lie algebras and symplectic maps
* Vlasov and Fokker-Plank equations, collective instabilities & Landau Damping
* Spin motion in accelerators
* Types and Components of Accelerators

==Learning Goals==
Students who have completed this course should:
* Have a full understanding of transverse and longitudinal particles dynamics in accelerators
* Being capable of solving problems arising in modern accelerator theory
* Understand modern methods in accelerator physics
* Being capable to fully understand modern accelerator literature

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
*Lecture notes presented after each class should be used as the main text. Presently there is no textbook, which covers the material of this course.
*''H. Wiedemann, "Particle Accelerator Physics" Springer, 2007''
*'' S. Y. Lee, "Accelerator Physics”, World Scientific, 2011''
*''L.D. Landau, Classical theory of fields''

==Course Description==

*Relativistic mechanics and E&D. Linear algebra.
*:This will be a brief but complete rehash of relativistic mechanics, E&M and linear algebra material required for this course.
*N-dimensional phase space, Canonical transformations, simplecticity, invariants
*:Canonical transformations and related to it simplecticity of the phase space are important part of beam dynamics in accelerators. We will consider connections between them as well as derive all Poincare invariants (including Liouville theorem). We will use a case of a coupled N-dimensional linear oscillator system for transforming to the action and phase variables. We finish with adiabatic invariants.
*Relativistic beams, Reference orbit and Accelerator Hamiltonian
*:We will use least action principle to derive the most general form of accelerator Hamiltonian using curvilinear coordinate system related to the beam trajectory (orbit).
*Linear beam dynamics
*:This part of the course will be dedicated to detailed description of linear dynamics of particles in accelerators. You will learn about particles motion in oscillator potential with time- dependent rigidity. You will learn how to calculate matrices of arbitrary element in accelerators. We will use eigen vectors and eigen number to parameterize the particles motion and describe its stability in circular accelerators. Here you find a number of analogies with planetary motion, including oscillation of Earth’s moon. You will learn some “standards” of the accelerator physics – betatron tunes and beta-function and their importance in circular accelerators.
*Longitudinal beam dynamics
*:Here you will learn about one important approximation widely used in accelerator physics – “slow” longitudinal oscillations, which are have a lot of similarity with pendulum motion. If you were ever wondering why Saturn rings do not collapse into one large ball of rock under gravitational attraction – this where you will learn of the effect so-called negative mass in longitudinal motion of particles when attraction of the particles cause their separation.
*Invariants of motion, Canonical transforms to the action and phase variables, emittance of the beam, perturbation methods, perturbative non-linear effects
*:In this part of the course we will remove “regular and boring” oscillatory part of the particle’s motion and focus on how to include weak linear and nonlinear perturbations to the particles motion. We will solve a number of standard accelerator problems: perturbed orbit, effects of focusing errors, “weak effects” such as synchrotron radiation, resonant Hamiltonian, etc. We will re-introduce Poincare diagrams for illustration of the resonances. You will learn how non- linear resonances may affect stability of the particles and about their location on the tune diagram. You will learn about chromatic (energy dependent) effects, use of non-linear elements to compensate them, and about problems created by introducing them.
*Non-linear effects, Lie algebras and symplectic maps
*:This part of the course will open you the door into and complex nonlinear beam dynamics. We will introduce you to non-perturbative nonlinear dynamics and fascinating world of non-linear maps, Lie algebras and Lie operators. These are the main tools in the modern non-linear beam dynamics. You will learn about dynamic aperture of accelerators as well as how our modern tools are similar to those used in celestial mechanics.
*Vlasov and Fokker-Plank equations
*:This part of the course is dedicated to the developing of tools necessary for studies of collective effects in accelerators. We will introduce distribution function of the particles and its evolution equations: one following conservation of Poincare invariants and the other including stochastic processes.
*Radiation effects
*:You will learn how to use the tools we had developed in previous lectures (both the perturbation methods and Fokker-Plank equation) to evaluate effect of synchrotron radiation on the particle’s motion in accelerator. You will see how the effect of radiation damping and quantum excitation lead to formation of equilibrium Gaussian distribution of the particles.
*Collective phenomena
*:Intense beam of charged particles excite E&M fields when propagate through accelerator structures. These fields, in return, act on the particles and can cause variety of instabilities. Some of these instabilities – such as a free-electron lasers (FEL) – can be very useful as powerful coherent X-rays sources. Others (and they are majority) do impose limits on the beam intensities or limit available range of the beam parameters. You will learn techniques involved in studies of collective effects and will use them for some of instabilities, including FEL. The second part of the collective effect will focus on how we can cool hadron beams, which do not have natural cooling.
*Spin dynamics
*:Many particles used in accelerators have spin. Beams of such particles with preferred orientation of their spins called polarized. Large number of high energy physics experiments using colliders strongly benefit from colliding polarized beams. You will learn the main aspects of the spin dynamics in the accelerators and about various ways to keep beam polarized. One more “tunes” to worry about - spin tune.
*Accelerator application
*:We will finish the course with a brief discussion of accelerator application, among which are accelerators for nuclear and particle physics, X-ray light sources, accelerators for medical uses, etc. You will also learn about future accelerators at the energy and intensity frontiers as well as about new methods of particle acceleration.

==Grades==
There will be a substantial number of problems. Most of them are aiming for better understanding of material covered during classes. The final grade will be based on:
*Homework assignments - 40% of the grade
*Presentation of a research topic - 40% of the grade
*Class Participation - 20% of the grade

==The Rules==
* You may collaborate with your classmates on the homework's if you are contributing to the solution. You must '''personally write up the solution of all problems'''. It would be appropriate and honorable to acknowledge your collaborators by mentioning their names. These acknowledgments will not affect your grades.
* We will greatly appreciate your homeworks being readable. Few explanatory words between equations will save us a lot of time while checking and grading your home-works. Nevertheless, your writing style will not affect your grades.
* Do not forget that simply copying somebody's solutions does not help you and in a long run we will identify it. If we find two or more identical homeworks, they all will get reduced grades. You may ask more advanced students, other faculty, friends, etc. for help or clues, as long as you personally contribute to the solution.
* You may (and are encouraged to) use the library and all available resources to help solve the problems. Use of Mathematica, other software tools and spreadsheets are encouraged. Cite your source, if you found the solution somewhere.
* You should return homework '''before the deadline'''. Homework returned after the deadline could be accepted with reduced grading - 15% per day. Otherwise, it will be unfair for your classmates who are doing their job on time. Therefore, you should be on time to keep your grade high. Exceptions are exceptions and do not count on them (if your dog eats your homework on a regular basis - feed it with something healthy, eating homework is bad for your pet and for you grade).

==Presentation on a Research Project==
* '''This presentation will be in place of the final exam'''. You will pick an accelerator project of your interest from a list provided by the instructors. We allow presentations on papers directly related to your research if they are linked to accelerator physics, but you will have to get it approved by the instructors. The presentations will be in a PowerPoint or equivalent a form.
*We will grade your presentations on: adequate understanding (good physics), adequate preparation (clear way of presentation, Visual Aids - pictures and figures), adequate references (where you find materials).
* The research project should be fun and we encourage you to choose an original topic and an original way of presentation. Nevertheless, any topic prepared and presented properly will have high grade.
*''' [[media:Projects_for_PHY_564.pdf ‎|Suggested topics for Projects]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Lecture Notes==

*'''[[media:PHY564_Lectures_1&2_compressed.pdf|Lectures 1 and 2: Least Action Principle, Geometry of Special Relativity, Particles in E&M fields]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_3_2020.pdf|Lecture 3: Linear Algebra]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_4_compressed.pdf|Lecture 4: Accelerator Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_5_compressed.pdf|Lecture 5: Hamiltonian Methods for Accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_6_compressed.pdf|Lecture 6: Matrix function, Sylvester formulae]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_7_compressed.pdf|Lecture 7: Matrices of arbitrary accelerator elements]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_8_compressed.pdf|Lecture 8: How to build a magnet]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_9_compressed.pdf|Lecture 9: Linear accelerators and RF systems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_10_compressed.pdf|Lecture 10: Periodic systems: stability and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_11_compressed.pdf|Lecture 11: Full 3D linearized motion in accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_12_compressed.pdf|Lecture 12: Synchrotron oscillations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_13_compressed.pdf|Lecture 13: Action and phase variables]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_14_15_compressed.pdf|Lectures 14 & 15: Solving standard accelerator problems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_16_compressed.pdf|Lecture 16: Effects of synchrotron radiation]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_17_compressed.pdf|Lecture 17: Fokker-Plank and Vlasov equations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_18_19_compressed.pdf|Lectures 18 & 19: Eigen beam emittances and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_20_2020.pdf|Lecture 20: Collective Effects I: Wakefield and Impedances]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_21_2020.pdf|Lecture 21: Collective Effects II: Examples of Collective Instabilities]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_22_2020.pdf|Lecture 22: Free Electron Lasers: Introduction and Small Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_23_2020.pdf|Lecture 23: Free Electron Lasers: Free Electron Lasers: High Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_24_2020.pdf|Lecture 24: Hadron Beam Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_25_2020.pdf|Lecture 25: Nonlinear dynamics: Part I, Chromaticity and its correction]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_26_2020.pdf|Lecture 26: Nonlinear dynamics: Part II, Nonlinear resonances]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_2020.pdf|Lecture 27: Nonlinear dynamics: Part III, Normalization of maps]], by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam, December 16'''
*'''Part 1: Lead Prof. Jing'''
*'''3:00 pm Xiangdong Li, Free electron lasers'''
*'''3:30 pm Jiayang Yan, Laser-Plasma Accelerators'''
*'''4:00 pm Nikhil Bachhawat, e+e- colliders'''
*'''Part 2: Lead Prof. Wang'''
*'''4:45 pm Kristina Finnelli - Industrial applications of accelerators'''
*'''5:15 pm Nikhil Kumar - Medical application of accelerators'''
*'''5:45 pm Ian Schwartz - Accelerators in Food Processing'''

*'''Additional Material'''
*'''[[media:Lorentz_Group.pdf|Lorentz Group]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Special_relativity_intro.pdf|Special Relativity intro]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Proof_detM_is_1.pdf|Proof: determinant of a symplectic matrix is 1]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:Differential_operators_compressed.pdf |Differential operators in curvelinear coordinate systems ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Hamiltonian_expansion.pdf |Accelerator Hamiltonian expansion]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Appendix_F.pdf|Solution of inhomogeneous equation ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Extra_RF_and_SRF_accelerators.pdf|Extra material - RF and SRF accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Derive_Saldin_chap_2_1.pdf|Derivation of FEL Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:SC_test.pdf|Matlab script to test concept of Stochastic Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_F2017.pdf|Lecture: Colliders]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Home Works==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_6.pdf|HW6]] Due September 23 [[media:Homework_6_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_7.pdf|HW7]] Due September 28 [[media:Homework_7_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_8_2020.pdf|HW8]] Due September 30 [[media:Homework_8_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_9.pdf|HW9]] Due October 7 [[media:Homework_9_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_10.pdf|HW10]] Due October 12 [[media:Homework_10_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_11.pdf|HW11]] Due October 14 [[media:Homework_11_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_12_2020.pdf|HW12 - STAR problem]] Due October 19 [[media:Homework_12_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_13_2020.pdf|HW13 - STAR problem]] Due October 21 [[media:Homework_13_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_14_2020.pdf|HW14]] Due October 26 [[media:Homework_14_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_15_2020.pdf|HW15]] Due October 28 [[media:Homework_15_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_16_2020.pdf|HW16]] Due November 2 [[media:Homework_16_2020_Solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_17_2020.pdf|HW17]] Due November 4 [[media:Homework_17_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_18_2020.pdf|HW18]] Due November 11 [[media:Homework_18_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_19_2020.pdf|HW19]] Due November 16 [[media:Homework_19_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_20_2020.pdf|HW20]] Due November 18 [[media:Homework_20_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_21_2020.pdf|HW21]] Due November 23 [[media:Homework_21_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]

== Recitation sessions==
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T20:58:56Z

SergeyBelomestnykh:

<center>
<table width=40% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
* Dr. Sam Posen
* Dr. Irina Petrushina
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

==Course Overview==
This graduate level course focuses on the fundamental physics and explored in depth advanced concepts of modern particle accelerators and theoretical concept related to them.
We will use the conference-type web-based ''BlueJeans application'': https://www.bluejeans.com. If you did not used it before, download and try it before classes start.

==Course Content==
* Principle of least actions, relativistic mechanics and E&D, 4D notations
* N-dimensional phase space, Canonical transformations, simplecticity and invariants of motion
* Relativistic beams, Reference orbit and Accelerator Hamiltonian
* Parameterization of linear motion in accelerators, Transport matrices, matrix functions, Sylvester's formula, stability of the motion
* Invariants of motion, Canonical transforms to the action and phase variables, emittance of the beam, perturbation methods. Poincare diagrams
* Standard problems in accelerators: closed orbit, excitation of oscillations, radiation damping and quantum excitation, natural emittance
* Non-linear effects, Lie algebras and symplectic maps
* Vlasov and Fokker-Plank equations, collective instabilities & Landau Damping
* Spin motion in accelerators
* Types and Components of Accelerators

==Learning Goals==
Students who have completed this course should:
* Have a full understanding of transverse and longitudinal particles dynamics in accelerators
* Being capable of solving problems arising in modern accelerator theory
* Understand modern methods in accelerator physics
* Being capable to fully understand modern accelerator literature

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
*Lecture notes presented after each class should be used as the main text. Presently there is no textbook, which covers the material of this course.
*''H. Wiedemann, "Particle Accelerator Physics" Springer, 2007''
*'' S. Y. Lee, "Accelerator Physics”, World Scientific, 2011''
*''L.D. Landau, Classical theory of fields''

==Course Description==

*Relativistic mechanics and E&D. Linear algebra.
*:This will be a brief but complete rehash of relativistic mechanics, E&M and linear algebra material required for this course.
*N-dimensional phase space, Canonical transformations, simplecticity, invariants
*:Canonical transformations and related to it simplecticity of the phase space are important part of beam dynamics in accelerators. We will consider connections between them as well as derive all Poincare invariants (including Liouville theorem). We will use a case of a coupled N-dimensional linear oscillator system for transforming to the action and phase variables. We finish with adiabatic invariants.
*Relativistic beams, Reference orbit and Accelerator Hamiltonian
*:We will use least action principle to derive the most general form of accelerator Hamiltonian using curvilinear coordinate system related to the beam trajectory (orbit).
*Linear beam dynamics
*:This part of the course will be dedicated to detailed description of linear dynamics of particles in accelerators. You will learn about particles motion in oscillator potential with time- dependent rigidity. You will learn how to calculate matrices of arbitrary element in accelerators. We will use eigen vectors and eigen number to parameterize the particles motion and describe its stability in circular accelerators. Here you find a number of analogies with planetary motion, including oscillation of Earth’s moon. You will learn some “standards” of the accelerator physics – betatron tunes and beta-function and their importance in circular accelerators.
*Longitudinal beam dynamics
*:Here you will learn about one important approximation widely used in accelerator physics – “slow” longitudinal oscillations, which are have a lot of similarity with pendulum motion. If you were ever wondering why Saturn rings do not collapse into one large ball of rock under gravitational attraction – this where you will learn of the effect so-called negative mass in longitudinal motion of particles when attraction of the particles cause their separation.
*Invariants of motion, Canonical transforms to the action and phase variables, emittance of the beam, perturbation methods, perturbative non-linear effects
*:In this part of the course we will remove “regular and boring” oscillatory part of the particle’s motion and focus on how to include weak linear and nonlinear perturbations to the particles motion. We will solve a number of standard accelerator problems: perturbed orbit, effects of focusing errors, “weak effects” such as synchrotron radiation, resonant Hamiltonian, etc. We will re-introduce Poincare diagrams for illustration of the resonances. You will learn how non- linear resonances may affect stability of the particles and about their location on the tune diagram. You will learn about chromatic (energy dependent) effects, use of non-linear elements to compensate them, and about problems created by introducing them.
*Non-linear effects, Lie algebras and symplectic maps
*:This part of the course will open you the door into and complex nonlinear beam dynamics. We will introduce you to non-perturbative nonlinear dynamics and fascinating world of non-linear maps, Lie algebras and Lie operators. These are the main tools in the modern non-linear beam dynamics. You will learn about dynamic aperture of accelerators as well as how our modern tools are similar to those used in celestial mechanics.
*Vlasov and Fokker-Plank equations
*:This part of the course is dedicated to the developing of tools necessary for studies of collective effects in accelerators. We will introduce distribution function of the particles and its evolution equations: one following conservation of Poincare invariants and the other including stochastic processes.
*Radiation effects
*:You will learn how to use the tools we had developed in previous lectures (both the perturbation methods and Fokker-Plank equation) to evaluate effect of synchrotron radiation on the particle’s motion in accelerator. You will see how the effect of radiation damping and quantum excitation lead to formation of equilibrium Gaussian distribution of the particles.
*Collective phenomena
*:Intense beam of charged particles excite E&M fields when propagate through accelerator structures. These fields, in return, act on the particles and can cause variety of instabilities. Some of these instabilities – such as a free-electron lasers (FEL) – can be very useful as powerful coherent X-rays sources. Others (and they are majority) do impose limits on the beam intensities or limit available range of the beam parameters. You will learn techniques involved in studies of collective effects and will use them for some of instabilities, including FEL. The second part of the collective effect will focus on how we can cool hadron beams, which do not have natural cooling.
*Spin dynamics
*:Many particles used in accelerators have spin. Beams of such particles with preferred orientation of their spins called polarized. Large number of high energy physics experiments using colliders strongly benefit from colliding polarized beams. You will learn the main aspects of the spin dynamics in the accelerators and about various ways to keep beam polarized. One more “tunes” to worry about - spin tune.
*Accelerator application
*:We will finish the course with a brief discussion of accelerator application, among which are accelerators for nuclear and particle physics, X-ray light sources, accelerators for medical uses, etc. You will also learn about future accelerators at the energy and intensity frontiers as well as about new methods of particle acceleration.

==Grades==
There will be a substantial number of problems. Most of them are aiming for better understanding of material covered during classes. The final grade will be based on:
*Homework assignments - 40% of the grade
*Presentation of a research topic - 40% of the grade
*Class Participation - 20% of the grade

==The Rules==
* You may collaborate with your classmates on the homework's if you are contributing to the solution. You must '''personally write up the solution of all problems'''. It would be appropriate and honorable to acknowledge your collaborators by mentioning their names. These acknowledgments will not affect your grades.
* We will greatly appreciate your homeworks being readable. Few explanatory words between equations will save us a lot of time while checking and grading your home-works. Nevertheless, your writing style will not affect your grades.
* Do not forget that simply copying somebody's solutions does not help you and in a long run we will identify it. If we find two or more identical homeworks, they all will get reduced grades. You may ask more advanced students, other faculty, friends, etc. for help or clues, as long as you personally contribute to the solution.
* You may (and are encouraged to) use the library and all available resources to help solve the problems. Use of Mathematica, other software tools and spreadsheets are encouraged. Cite your source, if you found the solution somewhere.
* You should return homework '''before the deadline'''. Homework returned after the deadline could be accepted with reduced grading - 15% per day. Otherwise, it will be unfair for your classmates who are doing their job on time. Therefore, you should be on time to keep your grade high. Exceptions are exceptions and do not count on them (if your dog eats your homework on a regular basis - feed it with something healthy, eating homework is bad for your pet and for you grade).

==Presentation on a Research Project==
* '''This presentation will be in place of the final exam'''. You will pick an accelerator project of your interest from a list provided by the instructors. We allow presentations on papers directly related to your research if they are linked to accelerator physics, but you will have to get it approved by the instructors. The presentations will be in a PowerPoint or equivalent a form.
*We will grade your presentations on: adequate understanding (good physics), adequate preparation (clear way of presentation, Visual Aids - pictures and figures), adequate references (where you find materials).
* The research project should be fun and we encourage you to choose an original topic and an original way of presentation. Nevertheless, any topic prepared and presented properly will have high grade.
*''' [[media:Projects_for_PHY_564.pdf ‎|Suggested topics for Projects]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Lecture Notes==

*'''[[media:PHY564_Lectures_1&2_compressed.pdf|Lectures 1 and 2: Least Action Principle, Geometry of Special Relativity, Particles in E&M fields]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_3_2020.pdf|Lecture 3: Linear Algebra]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_4_compressed.pdf|Lecture 4: Accelerator Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_5_compressed.pdf|Lecture 5: Hamiltonian Methods for Accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_6_compressed.pdf|Lecture 6: Matrix function, Sylvester formulae]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_7_compressed.pdf|Lecture 7: Matrices of arbitrary accelerator elements]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_8_compressed.pdf|Lecture 8: How to build a magnet]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_9_compressed.pdf|Lecture 9: Linear accelerators and RF systems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_10_compressed.pdf|Lecture 10: Periodic systems: stability and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_11_compressed.pdf|Lecture 11: Full 3D linearized motion in accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_12_compressed.pdf|Lecture 12: Synchrotron oscillations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_13_compressed.pdf|Lecture 13: Action and phase variables]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_14_15_compressed.pdf|Lectures 14 & 15: Solving standard accelerator problems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_16_compressed.pdf|Lecture 16: Effects of synchrotron radiation]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_17_compressed.pdf|Lecture 17: Fokker-Plank and Vlasov equations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_18_19_compressed.pdf|Lectures 18 & 19: Eigen beam emittances and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_20_2020.pdf|Lecture 20: Collective Effects I: Wakefield and Impedances]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_21_2020.pdf|Lecture 21: Collective Effects II: Examples of Collective Instabilities]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_22_2020.pdf|Lecture 22: Free Electron Lasers: Introduction and Small Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_23_2020.pdf|Lecture 23: Free Electron Lasers: Free Electron Lasers: High Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_24_2020.pdf|Lecture 24: Hadron Beam Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_25_2020.pdf|Lecture 25: Nonlinear dynamics: Part I, Chromaticity and its correction]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_26_2020.pdf|Lecture 26: Nonlinear dynamics: Part II, Nonlinear resonances]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_2020.pdf|Lecture 27: Nonlinear dynamics: Part III, Normalization of maps]], by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam, December 16'''
*'''Part 1: Lead Prof. Jing'''
*'''3:00 pm Xiangdong Li, Free electron lasers'''
*'''3:30 pm Jiayang Yan, Laser-Plasma Accelerators'''
*'''4:00 pm Nikhil Bachhawat, e+e- colliders'''
*'''Part 2: Lead Prof. Wang'''
*'''4:45 pm Kristina Finnelli - Industrial applications of accelerators'''
*'''5:15 pm Nikhil Kumar - Medical application of accelerators'''
*'''5:45 pm Ian Schwartz - Accelerators in Food Processing'''

*'''Additional Material'''
*'''[[media:Lorentz_Group.pdf|Lorentz Group]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Special_relativity_intro.pdf|Special Relativity intro]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Proof_detM_is_1.pdf|Proof: determinant of a symplectic matrix is 1]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:Differential_operators_compressed.pdf |Differential operators in curvelinear coordinate systems ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Hamiltonian_expansion.pdf |Accelerator Hamiltonian expansion]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Appendix_F.pdf|Solution of inhomogeneous equation ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Extra_RF_and_SRF_accelerators.pdf|Extra material - RF and SRF accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Derive_Saldin_chap_2_1.pdf|Derivation of FEL Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:SC_test.pdf|Matlab script to test concept of Stochastic Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_F2017.pdf|Lecture: Colliders]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Home Works==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_6.pdf|HW6]] Due September 23 [[media:Homework_6_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_7.pdf|HW7]] Due September 28 [[media:Homework_7_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_8_2020.pdf|HW8]] Due September 30 [[media:Homework_8_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_9.pdf|HW9]] Due October 7 [[media:Homework_9_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_10.pdf|HW10]] Due October 12 [[media:Homework_10_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_11.pdf|HW11]] Due October 14 [[media:Homework_11_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_12_2020.pdf|HW12 - STAR problem]] Due October 19 [[media:Homework_12_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_13_2020.pdf|HW13 - STAR problem]] Due October 21 [[media:Homework_13_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_14_2020.pdf|HW14]] Due October 26 [[media:Homework_14_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_15_2020.pdf|HW15]] Due October 28 [[media:Homework_15_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_16_2020.pdf|HW16]] Due November 2 [[media:Homework_16_2020_Solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_17_2020.pdf|HW17]] Due November 4 [[media:Homework_17_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_18_2020.pdf|HW18]] Due November 11 [[media:Homework_18_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_19_2020.pdf|HW19]] Due November 16 [[media:Homework_19_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_20_2020.pdf|HW20]] Due November 18 [[media:Homework_20_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_21_2020.pdf|HW21]] Due November 23 [[media:Homework_21_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]

== Recitation sessions==
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

PHY543 spring 2021

2021-04-15T20:55:55Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: Created page with "<center> <table width=40% border=1> <tr> <th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th> <th align=center>Instructors</th> </tr> <tr><td align=left valign=cen..."

<center>
<table width=40% border=1>
<tr>
<th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
<th align=center>Instructors</th>
</tr>

<tr><td align=left valign=center>

* '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''
* '''Where: Physics P122'''
</td>

<td align=left valign=top>

* Prof. Vladimir Litvinenko
* Prof. Yichao Jing
* Prof. Gang Wang
</td>

</tr></table>

</center>

[[Image:Accelerators.jpg|600px|Image: 600 pixels|center]]

==Course Overview==
This graduate level course focuses on the fundamental physics and explored in depth advanced concepts of modern particle accelerators and theoretical concept related to them.
We will use the conference-type web-based ''BlueJeans application'': https://www.bluejeans.com. If you did not used it before, download and try it before classes start.

==Course Content==
* Principle of least actions, relativistic mechanics and E&D, 4D notations
* N-dimensional phase space, Canonical transformations, simplecticity and invariants of motion
* Relativistic beams, Reference orbit and Accelerator Hamiltonian
* Parameterization of linear motion in accelerators, Transport matrices, matrix functions, Sylvester's formula, stability of the motion
* Invariants of motion, Canonical transforms to the action and phase variables, emittance of the beam, perturbation methods. Poincare diagrams
* Standard problems in accelerators: closed orbit, excitation of oscillations, radiation damping and quantum excitation, natural emittance
* Non-linear effects, Lie algebras and symplectic maps
* Vlasov and Fokker-Plank equations, collective instabilities & Landau Damping
* Spin motion in accelerators
* Types and Components of Accelerators

==Learning Goals==
Students who have completed this course should:
* Have a full understanding of transverse and longitudinal particles dynamics in accelerators
* Being capable of solving problems arising in modern accelerator theory
* Understand modern methods in accelerator physics
* Being capable to fully understand modern accelerator literature

==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
*Lecture notes presented after each class should be used as the main text. Presently there is no textbook, which covers the material of this course.
*''H. Wiedemann, "Particle Accelerator Physics" Springer, 2007''
*'' S. Y. Lee, "Accelerator Physics”, World Scientific, 2011''
*''L.D. Landau, Classical theory of fields''

==Course Description==

*Relativistic mechanics and E&D. Linear algebra.
*:This will be a brief but complete rehash of relativistic mechanics, E&M and linear algebra material required for this course.
*N-dimensional phase space, Canonical transformations, simplecticity, invariants
*:Canonical transformations and related to it simplecticity of the phase space are important part of beam dynamics in accelerators. We will consider connections between them as well as derive all Poincare invariants (including Liouville theorem). We will use a case of a coupled N-dimensional linear oscillator system for transforming to the action and phase variables. We finish with adiabatic invariants.
*Relativistic beams, Reference orbit and Accelerator Hamiltonian
*:We will use least action principle to derive the most general form of accelerator Hamiltonian using curvilinear coordinate system related to the beam trajectory (orbit).
*Linear beam dynamics
*:This part of the course will be dedicated to detailed description of linear dynamics of particles in accelerators. You will learn about particles motion in oscillator potential with time- dependent rigidity. You will learn how to calculate matrices of arbitrary element in accelerators. We will use eigen vectors and eigen number to parameterize the particles motion and describe its stability in circular accelerators. Here you find a number of analogies with planetary motion, including oscillation of Earth’s moon. You will learn some “standards” of the accelerator physics – betatron tunes and beta-function and their importance in circular accelerators.
*Longitudinal beam dynamics
*:Here you will learn about one important approximation widely used in accelerator physics – “slow” longitudinal oscillations, which are have a lot of similarity with pendulum motion. If you were ever wondering why Saturn rings do not collapse into one large ball of rock under gravitational attraction – this where you will learn of the effect so-called negative mass in longitudinal motion of particles when attraction of the particles cause their separation.
*Invariants of motion, Canonical transforms to the action and phase variables, emittance of the beam, perturbation methods, perturbative non-linear effects
*:In this part of the course we will remove “regular and boring” oscillatory part of the particle’s motion and focus on how to include weak linear and nonlinear perturbations to the particles motion. We will solve a number of standard accelerator problems: perturbed orbit, effects of focusing errors, “weak effects” such as synchrotron radiation, resonant Hamiltonian, etc. We will re-introduce Poincare diagrams for illustration of the resonances. You will learn how non- linear resonances may affect stability of the particles and about their location on the tune diagram. You will learn about chromatic (energy dependent) effects, use of non-linear elements to compensate them, and about problems created by introducing them.
*Non-linear effects, Lie algebras and symplectic maps
*:This part of the course will open you the door into and complex nonlinear beam dynamics. We will introduce you to non-perturbative nonlinear dynamics and fascinating world of non-linear maps, Lie algebras and Lie operators. These are the main tools in the modern non-linear beam dynamics. You will learn about dynamic aperture of accelerators as well as how our modern tools are similar to those used in celestial mechanics.
*Vlasov and Fokker-Plank equations
*:This part of the course is dedicated to the developing of tools necessary for studies of collective effects in accelerators. We will introduce distribution function of the particles and its evolution equations: one following conservation of Poincare invariants and the other including stochastic processes.
*Radiation effects
*:You will learn how to use the tools we had developed in previous lectures (both the perturbation methods and Fokker-Plank equation) to evaluate effect of synchrotron radiation on the particle’s motion in accelerator. You will see how the effect of radiation damping and quantum excitation lead to formation of equilibrium Gaussian distribution of the particles.
*Collective phenomena
*:Intense beam of charged particles excite E&M fields when propagate through accelerator structures. These fields, in return, act on the particles and can cause variety of instabilities. Some of these instabilities – such as a free-electron lasers (FEL) – can be very useful as powerful coherent X-rays sources. Others (and they are majority) do impose limits on the beam intensities or limit available range of the beam parameters. You will learn techniques involved in studies of collective effects and will use them for some of instabilities, including FEL. The second part of the collective effect will focus on how we can cool hadron beams, which do not have natural cooling.
*Spin dynamics
*:Many particles used in accelerators have spin. Beams of such particles with preferred orientation of their spins called polarized. Large number of high energy physics experiments using colliders strongly benefit from colliding polarized beams. You will learn the main aspects of the spin dynamics in the accelerators and about various ways to keep beam polarized. One more “tunes” to worry about - spin tune.
*Accelerator application
*:We will finish the course with a brief discussion of accelerator application, among which are accelerators for nuclear and particle physics, X-ray light sources, accelerators for medical uses, etc. You will also learn about future accelerators at the energy and intensity frontiers as well as about new methods of particle acceleration.

==Grades==
There will be a substantial number of problems. Most of them are aiming for better understanding of material covered during classes. The final grade will be based on:
*Homework assignments - 40% of the grade
*Presentation of a research topic - 40% of the grade
*Class Participation - 20% of the grade

==The Rules==
* You may collaborate with your classmates on the homework's if you are contributing to the solution. You must '''personally write up the solution of all problems'''. It would be appropriate and honorable to acknowledge your collaborators by mentioning their names. These acknowledgments will not affect your grades.
* We will greatly appreciate your homeworks being readable. Few explanatory words between equations will save us a lot of time while checking and grading your home-works. Nevertheless, your writing style will not affect your grades.
* Do not forget that simply copying somebody's solutions does not help you and in a long run we will identify it. If we find two or more identical homeworks, they all will get reduced grades. You may ask more advanced students, other faculty, friends, etc. for help or clues, as long as you personally contribute to the solution.
* You may (and are encouraged to) use the library and all available resources to help solve the problems. Use of Mathematica, other software tools and spreadsheets are encouraged. Cite your source, if you found the solution somewhere.
* You should return homework '''before the deadline'''. Homework returned after the deadline could be accepted with reduced grading - 15% per day. Otherwise, it will be unfair for your classmates who are doing their job on time. Therefore, you should be on time to keep your grade high. Exceptions are exceptions and do not count on them (if your dog eats your homework on a regular basis - feed it with something healthy, eating homework is bad for your pet and for you grade).

==Presentation on a Research Project==
* '''This presentation will be in place of the final exam'''. You will pick an accelerator project of your interest from a list provided by the instructors. We allow presentations on papers directly related to your research if they are linked to accelerator physics, but you will have to get it approved by the instructors. The presentations will be in a PowerPoint or equivalent a form.
*We will grade your presentations on: adequate understanding (good physics), adequate preparation (clear way of presentation, Visual Aids - pictures and figures), adequate references (where you find materials).
* The research project should be fun and we encourage you to choose an original topic and an original way of presentation. Nevertheless, any topic prepared and presented properly will have high grade.
*''' [[media:Projects_for_PHY_564.pdf ‎|Suggested topics for Projects]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Lecture Notes==

*'''[[media:PHY564_Lectures_1&2_compressed.pdf|Lectures 1 and 2: Least Action Principle, Geometry of Special Relativity, Particles in E&M fields]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_3_2020.pdf|Lecture 3: Linear Algebra]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_4_compressed.pdf|Lecture 4: Accelerator Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_5_compressed.pdf|Lecture 5: Hamiltonian Methods for Accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_6_compressed.pdf|Lecture 6: Matrix function, Sylvester formulae]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_7_compressed.pdf|Lecture 7: Matrices of arbitrary accelerator elements]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_8_compressed.pdf|Lecture 8: How to build a magnet]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_9_compressed.pdf|Lecture 9: Linear accelerators and RF systems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_10_compressed.pdf|Lecture 10: Periodic systems: stability and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_11_compressed.pdf|Lecture 11: Full 3D linearized motion in accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_12_compressed.pdf|Lecture 12: Synchrotron oscillations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_13_compressed.pdf|Lecture 13: Action and phase variables]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_14_15_compressed.pdf|Lectures 14 & 15: Solving standard accelerator problems]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_16_compressed.pdf|Lecture 16: Effects of synchrotron radiation]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_17_compressed.pdf|Lecture 17: Fokker-Plank and Vlasov equations]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_18_19_compressed.pdf|Lectures 18 & 19: Eigen beam emittances and parameterization]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_20_2020.pdf|Lecture 20: Collective Effects I: Wakefield and Impedances]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_21_2020.pdf|Lecture 21: Collective Effects II: Examples of Collective Instabilities]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_22_2020.pdf|Lecture 22: Free Electron Lasers: Introduction and Small Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_23_2020.pdf|Lecture 23: Free Electron Lasers: Free Electron Lasers: High Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_24_2020.pdf|Lecture 24: Hadron Beam Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_25_2020.pdf|Lecture 25: Nonlinear dynamics: Part I, Chromaticity and its correction]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_26_2020.pdf|Lecture 26: Nonlinear dynamics: Part II, Nonlinear resonances]], by Prof. Jing'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_2020.pdf|Lecture 27: Nonlinear dynamics: Part III, Normalization of maps]], by Prof. Jing'''

*'''Final Exam, December 16'''
*'''Part 1: Lead Prof. Jing'''
*'''3:00 pm Xiangdong Li, Free electron lasers'''
*'''3:30 pm Jiayang Yan, Laser-Plasma Accelerators'''
*'''4:00 pm Nikhil Bachhawat, e+e- colliders'''
*'''Part 2: Lead Prof. Wang'''
*'''4:45 pm Kristina Finnelli - Industrial applications of accelerators'''
*'''5:15 pm Nikhil Kumar - Medical application of accelerators'''
*'''5:45 pm Ian Schwartz - Accelerators in Food Processing'''

*'''Additional Material'''
*'''[[media:Lorentz_Group.pdf|Lorentz Group]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Special_relativity_intro.pdf|Special Relativity intro]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Proof_detM_is_1.pdf|Proof: determinant of a symplectic matrix is 1]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:Differential_operators_compressed.pdf |Differential operators in curvelinear coordinate systems ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Hamiltonian_expansion.pdf |Accelerator Hamiltonian expansion]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*''' [[media:Appendix_F.pdf|Solution of inhomogeneous equation ]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Extra_RF_and_SRF_accelerators.pdf|Extra material - RF and SRF accelerators]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''
*'''[[media:Derive_Saldin_chap_2_1.pdf|Derivation of FEL Hamiltonian]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:SC_test.pdf|Matlab script to test concept of Stochastic Cooling]], by Prof. Wang'''
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_F2017.pdf|Lecture: Colliders]], by Prof. Litvinenko'''

== Home Works==

*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_6.pdf|HW6]] Due September 23 [[media:Homework_6_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_7.pdf|HW7]] Due September 28 [[media:Homework_7_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_8_2020.pdf|HW8]] Due September 30 [[media:Homework_8_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_9.pdf|HW9]] Due October 7 [[media:Homework_9_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_10.pdf|HW10]] Due October 12 [[media:Homework_10_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_11.pdf|HW11]] Due October 14 [[media:Homework_11_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_12_2020.pdf|HW12 - STAR problem]] Due October 19 [[media:Homework_12_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_13_2020.pdf|HW13 - STAR problem]] Due October 21 [[media:Homework_13_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_14_2020.pdf|HW14]] Due October 26 [[media:Homework_14_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_15_2020.pdf|HW15]] Due October 28 [[media:Homework_15_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_16_2020.pdf|HW16]] Due November 2 [[media:Homework_16_2020_Solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_17_2020.pdf|HW17]] Due November 4 [[media:Homework_17_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_18_2020.pdf|HW18]] Due November 11 [[media:Homework_18_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_19_2020.pdf|HW19]] Due November 16 [[media:Homework_19_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_20_2020.pdf|HW20]] Due November 18 [[media:Homework_20_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
*'''[[media:Homework_21_2020.pdf|HW21]] Due November 23 [[media:Homework_21_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]

== Recitation sessions==
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12 by Prof. Jing'''
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15 by Prof. Jing'''

CASE:Courses

2021-04-15T20:51:34Z

SergeyBelomestnykh: /* 2021 */

== 2021 ==
* [[PHY543_spring_2021|'''Spring: PHY543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators''']], see also external link '''[https://sites.google.com/view/srfsbu2021/home Sping: PHY 543: RF Superconductivity for Accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh, Dr. Posen and Dr. Petrushina
* [[PHY691_spring_2021|'''Spring: PHY 691: Computational Accelerator Physics''']], by Pr. François Méot, BNL & SBU
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]

== 2020 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2020|'''Fall: PHY 564: Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Fall: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]
* [[PHY554_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[PHY689_spring_2020|'''Spring: PHY 689: USPAS and CERN accelerator physics schools''']]

== 2019 ==
* [[PHY689_spring_2019|'''Spring: PHY 689, ACCELERATOR Games -- Learning Charged Particle Beam Dynamics by Computer Simulations''']] (François Méot, BNL)
* [[PHY542_spring_2019|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2018 ==
* [[PHY554_fall_2018|'''Fall: PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Fall: PHY 514, A Bit of Accelerator Physics]], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [[PHY689_spring_2018|'''Spring: PHY 689, ACCELERATOR Games -- Learning Charged Particle Beam Dynamics by Computer Simulations''']] (François Méot, BNL)
* [[PHY542_spring_2018|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2017 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2017|'''Fall: PHY 564, Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko
* [[PHY420_fall_2017|'''Fall: PHY 420, Introduction to Accelerator Science and Technology''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2017|'''Spring: PHY 542, Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]

== 2016 ==
* [[PHY554_fall_2016|'''PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2016|'''PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko

== 2015 ==
* [[PHY564_fall_2015|'''PHY 564: Advanced Accelerator Physics''']]
* [[PHY542_spring_2015|'''PHY 542: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics and Technology with Simulations and Measurements Lab''']]
* [[media:PHY 514 AP VL.pdf|Accelerator Physics Class PHY 514]], by Prof. Litvinenko

== 2014 ==
* [[PHY554_spring_2014|'''PHY 554: Fundamentals of Accelerator Physics''']]
== 2013 ==
*Principles of RF Superconductivity, USPAS, Dr. Belomestnykh

== 2011 ==
*'''[https://sites.google.com/site/srfsbu11/ PHY 684: RF superconductivity for accelerators]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
* Superconducting RF for High-β Accelerators, USPAS 2011, Dr. Belomestnykh

==2010 and before==

* Experiments in PHY 445/515, Fall 2010 [[Lab Manuals]]
* CASE Summer Accelerator [[Workshop]], July 26-30, Dr. Hemmick
* WISE 187, Spring 2010, Introduction to Research, Dr. Hemmick
* Summer 1-Day Accelerator Camp, July 16 2009, Dr. Hemmick
* Accelerator Physics, 13-25 January, 2008, Graduate Course, US Particle Accelerator School, Santa Rosa, CA, Dr. Litvinenko, Satogata, Pozdeyev
* PHY 684, Fall 2007, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko, Kewisch, Mackay, Satogata
* PHY 684, Spring 2007, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko
* PHY 684, Spring 2005, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Litvinenko, Dr. Mackay
* PHY 684, Spring 2004, Physics of Particle Accelerators, Dr. Peggs, Dr. Litvinenko